سلام زبان

درس 51 -جزایر کارائیب

The Islands of the Caribbean

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The Caribbean Sea is the large body of water that lies north of the northern tip of South
America. Within the Caribbean sea are many islands that have played an important role
in the history and culture of the Western hemisphere.  
By far the largest island in the Caribbean is Cuba. Cuba was formerly a colony of Spain,
but became independent in 1902. Cuba became a Communist country in 1959, when a
revolution overthrew an unpopular government. After the revolution, many Cubans fled
to the United States. Today, the American city of Miami, in the state of Florida, has been
greatly influenced by Cuban culture. Tobacco is widely grown in Cuba, and the country is
famous for the cigars that are produced in the capital city, Havana.  
The island of Hispaniola is located just east of Cuba. This island is divided into two
countries. In the west is Haiti, where the people speak a variety of the French language
that has been influenced by African languages. In the east is the Dominican Republic,
where the people speak Spanish.  
Another important Caribbean island is Puerto Rico. This was previously a Spanish colony,
but it is now governed by the United States. Many people from Puerto Rico have moved
to the mainland United States, especially the New York area.  
In many other islands in the Caribbean, English is the main language. The largest of
these islands is Jamaica, which is located just south of Cuba. Most Jamaicans are the
descendants of African people who were brought to work as slaves on sugar plantations.
Jamaica is famous as the birthplace of the style of music called "reggae," which was
popularized in other countries by Bob Marley, a famous Jamaican musician.  
Another important English-speaking Caribbean island is Trinidad. This island is located
just north of South America. The population of Trinidad is very diverse. The largest
groups of people are descended from people who came from Africa and India, but there
are many other nationalities also. Trinidad is famous for a style of music known as
"calypso," and for musicians who produce pleasant sounds by playing steel drums.  
There are also many other, smaller islands in the Caribbean, each with its own unique
features. Many of these islands possess fine beaches, and are popular tourist
destinations. The warm weather of the Caribbean makes it a popular place for North
Americans who must live through cold winters!

lie
▶PLACE◀
if a town, village, etc lies in a particular place, it is in that place
The town lies in a small wooded valley. The Tasman Sea lies between Tasmania and Australia.

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hemisphere
a half of the Earth, esp. the northern or southern halves above and below the EQUATOR, or the eastern or western half: What is the largest city in the southern hemisphere?

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overthrow
to remove a leader or government from power, especially by force
ￚsynonym oust
Rebels were already making plans to overthrow the government.
the overthrow of monarchy 
the Arabs overthrew the Sassanians

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flee
past tense and past participle fled
to escape (from) by hurrying away, esp. because one is afraid:
His attackers turned and fled.
Masaari spent six months in prison before fleeing the country .
flee to/from/into
Many German artists fled to America at the beginning of World War II.
The spectators fled in panic when the bull got loose. | We were forced to flee the country. (=go abroad for safety)

they were fleeing the police

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descendant
someone (or animal) who is related to a person (or animal) who lived a long time ago, or to a family, group of people etc that existed in the past
ￚsee also ancestor
somebody's descendants/the descendants of somebody

The coastal areas were occupied by the descendants of Greek colonists.

He was a direct descendant of Napoleon Bonaparte.

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plantation
a large area of land in a hot country, where crops such as tea, cotton, and sugar are grown
a rubber plantation
a sugar-cane plantation
Look at this examples

http://salamzaban.com/search?searchword=plantation&ordering=&searchphrase=all

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reggae
a kind of popular music originally from Jamaica, with a strong regular beat

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popularize
to make something well known and liked
Bob Marley popularized reggae music in the 1970s.
Reggae music was popularized by Bob Marley in the 1970s.

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diverse
very different from each other
subjects as diverse as pop music and archaeology
ￚdiversely adverb

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calypso
a type of Caribbean song based on subjects of interest in the news

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drum

http://salamzaban.com/search?searchword=drum&ordering=&searchphrase=all

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