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Not many people would want to live in the Arctic areas of northern Canada, Alaska, and

Greenland. In these places, the summers are very short, and the winters are extremely

cold and dark. However, there are some people who have made this land their home for

many generations. These people are called the Inuit. The word "Inuit" means "person" in

the language of the Inuit, which is called Inuktitut.

Before modern times, the Inuit had to survive by hunting. Because their homeland was in

such a cold, northern place, the Inuit could not make a living by farming or by gathering

plants. Many of the animals that the Inuit hunted are mammals that live in the water. For

example, the Inuit used boats to hunt whales. Also, they hunted seals by waiting for the

seals to rise to the surface of the water. Sometimes, the Inuit would hunt land mammals,

such as polar bears.

When eating the meat of the animals they had hunted, the Inuit often ate the meat raw.

This was necessary because only raw meat could provide them with enough nutrients to

survive in a place where fruits and vegetables were not available. In previous times, the

Inuit were known as the "Eskimos," which means "people who eat raw meat." However,

the Inuit did not like this name.

The Inuit invented many useful tools for surviving in the cold, northern areas. They

sewed warm clothing from the furs and skins of the animals they hunted. For

transportation, they used dogs, which could pull them in sleds across the snow. For

making heat and light, they used lamps that burned the fat and oil of whales.

The Inuit were famous for their houses made of snow, which were called igloos. The

igloos were made by cutting blocks of snow and then using these blocks to build a small

round-shaped house. People could enter or exit the igloo through a narrow tunnel.

In recent decades, the Inuit have had much contact with the modern world. Inuit children

now attend schools, and Inuit adults work at a variety of occupations. In some ways, the

Inuit have found it difficult to adjust to the changes from their traditional ways, but the

Inuit are meeting this challenge. In Canada, there is a new territory in the far north, called

Nunavut, where most of the people, including the leaders, are Inuit.

The Inuit are famous for their beautiful artwork. In particular, Inuit carvings or sculptures

are known for their excellent quality. These carvings, which nowadays are made from a

kind of stone called soapstone, depict people or animals such as bears, seals, or whales.

In addition to paintings, Inuit artists have produced beautiful sketches and paintings of

northern scenes.

Inuit:

someone who belongs to a race of people who live in the very cold northern areas of North America
ￚsee also Eskimo

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nutrient:

a chemical or food that provides what is needed for plants or animals to live and grow
The plant absorbs nutrients from the soil.

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igloo:

a house made from blocks of hard snow or ice

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soapstone:

a soft stone that feels like soap

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depict:

to describe something or someone in writing or speech, or to show them in a painting, picture etc
a book depicting life in pre-revolutionary Russia
depict somebody/something as something
The god is depicted as a bird with a human head.

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sketch:
a simple, quickly-made drawing that does not show much detail
sketch of
Cantor drew a rough sketch of his apartment on a napkin.