سلام زبان
Essential Words for the TOEFL- Lesson 17
agitate confidential delighted discreetly documented
gradually influence inordinate instantly intentionally
intrinsic inundate involve nominal presumably
agitate
v. 1. to cause worry 2.to argue strongly in public for something you want, especially a political or social change 3.to shake or mix a liquid quickly
n. agitation (1 anxiety 2 public argument, action, etc., for or against political or social change, sometimes including damage to property or violence)
n. agitator(someone who encourages people to work towards changing something in society - used to show disapproval 2.a machine for shaking or mixing)
Syn. disturb
The fact that she had not arrived by midnight agitated her parents.
He became agitated when he was asked about his criminal past.
in an agitated mood.
I must warn you that any mention of Clare agitates your grandmother.
unions agitating for higher pay.
His family are agitating to get him freed.
to agitate for cheaper school meals.
he agitated against his boss.
they agitated for prison reforms.
Mix the two solutions together and agitate the bottle.
agitate the bottle well.
She was in a state of considerable agitation.
mass agitation for political reform.
He was in a state of great agitation.
in agitation and helplessness.
Manoochehr looked at his watch in agitation.
He was known as a political agitator.
http://salamzaban.com/search?searchword=agitate&ordering=&searchphrase=all
http://salamzaban.com/search?searchword=agitation&ordering=&searchphrase=all
confidential
adj. spoken or written in secret and intended to be kept secret:
v. confide (to tell (information, personal matters, etc.) secretly to a person one trusts:)
adv. confidentially
n. confidant (a person to whom one tells one’s secrets or with whom one talks about personal matters)
confide in sb.
phr v (to talk freely to (someone), esp. about personal matters, and be confident that one’s secrets will be kept:)
Syn. secret
We were told that the information is strictly confidential.
She confided to me that she had always wanted to be a movie star.
This information is strictly confidential.
a confidential naval report on the failure of equipment.
Please keep what I am about to tell you confidential.
a confidential government report.
Doctors are required to keep patients' records completely confidential .
The information will be regarded as strictly confidential (=completely confidential).
this information is highly confidential.
He confided to his friends that he didn't have much hope for his marriage.
“I don’t really like my brother,” she confided.
He confided (to me) that he had spent five years in prison.
he had confided in me that he was not a doctor at all.
one of his confidants.
there was no one there I could confide in.
Alan felt he could confide in his brother.
http://salamzaban.com/search?searchword=confidential&ordering=&searchphrase=all
delighted
adj. to be satisfied; very happy, very pleased
adj. delightful (causing delight)
adv. delightfully
n. delight (a feeling of great pleasure and satisfaction; joy:)
v. delight (to give someone great satisfaction and enjoyment)
Syn. elated
He was delighted with the result of the experiment.
It was a delightful afternoon.
We were delighted by/with the response to our advertisement.
Thanks for your invitation — I’d be delighted to come!
We’re delighted that you’ll be able to come.
Sandy will be delighted to see you.
I'm delighted that we have settled the matter.
She was delighted with her new home.
I am delighted by the result.
a delightful vacation/child/little house.
The whole house is delightful.
a delightful book.
a delightful meal.
a movie that's full of delightfully comic moments.
I read your new book with real delight.
She takes delight in (=enjoys) teasing her sister.
her appearance on the stage filled the audience with delight.
playing with his grandson, Ramin, was his greatest delight.
Her fabulous recipes will delight anyone who loves chocolate.
He is delighting audiences with his wit and humour.
a book that is certain to delight.
She delighted the audience with her jokes about the president.
common Errors:
1.
When they knew that they had won, they were very delighted.
When they knew that they had won, they were absolutely delighted.
Although usage varies, an adjective which contains the sense ‘very’, ‘extremely’, or ‘100%’
as part of its meaning is NOT usually used with very or extremely. Examples are: boiling (=
very hot), certain (= very sure), convinced (= very sure), delighted (= very pleased),
desperate (= very worried), fascinated (= very interested (by)), fine (= very well, as in
‘I feel fine’), freezing (= very cold), and starving (= very hungry). To intensify such
adjectives, use absolutely, NOT very OR extremely.
2.
Her parents were delightful that she had won and ran over to kiss her.
Her parents were delighted that she had won and ran over to kiss her.
delightful = causing delight: ‘a delightful party’ delighted = feeling delight
http://salamzaban.com/search?searchword=delight&ordering=&searchphrase=all
discreetly
adv. in a careful, polite manner
adj. discreet (careful about what you say or do, so that you do not offend, upset, or
embarrass people or tell secrets)
n. discretion (the right or ability to decide what is most suitable to be done:)
Syn. cautiously
The teacher discreetly told the parents about her problems.
You can count on me to be discreet.
a discreet silence.
It wasn’t very discreet of you to call me at the office.
He assured her that he would be discreet.
I stood back at a discreet distance.
be discreet and do not refer to her being an orphan!
I won’t tell you what time to leave — you’re old enough to use your own discretion.
at somebody's discretion (=according to someone's decision)
The awards are made at the discretion of the committee.
The hours of the meetings will be fixed at the chairperson’s discretion. (=according to the chairperson’s decision).
Promotions are left to the discretion of the supervisor.
People want to have more discretion over their working hours.
use/exercise your discretion
The judge exercised his discretion rightly to admit the evidence.
The committee has the absolute discretion to refuse applications.
you have been given the discretion to choose your own staff.
http://salamzaban.com/search?searchword=discreet&ordering=&searchphrase=all
document
v.to prove or record with documents, to write about something, film it, or take photographs of it, in order to record information about it
adj. documentary (consisting of or written on documents, documentary films, programmes,
photographs etc give or show information about a particular subject)
n. documentation (proof in the form of documents, the act of recording information in
writing, on film etc)
n. document (a paper that provides information, esp. of an official kind)
documentarist/documentarian (someone whose job is to make documentaries)
Syn. proven
He had documented proof that the bank had made an error.
The car's documentation was in order.
The history of this area is very well documented.
His research will document how the debt crisis occurred.
a well-documented book.
you must document your claims.
documentary films.
documentary evidence/proof.
One of the most useful sources of documentary evidence is maps.
do you have any documentary proof?
documentary credits.
Their claim to own the land is not supported by proper documentation.
Applicants must provide supporting documentation .
a careful documentation of the costs
to process your claim, we need further documentation.
Let me see all the legal documents concerning the sale of this land.
top-secret military documents.
a legal document.
he stole secret documents and sold them to the enemy.
documents proving his guilt.
gradually
adv. slowly, over a long period of time
adj. gradual (not sudden)
Syn. steadily
ￚopposite sudden
The bay has gradually deteriorated over the years.
There has been a gradual change in the climate over the past decade.
There has been a gradual increase in the birth rate.
a gradual slope.
a gradual phasing-out of the old equipment.
There has been a gradual change in climate.
the gradual decline in manufacturing industry.
Education is a gradual process.
a gradual change of temperature.
Jill gradually became aware of an awful smell.
Gradually, my ankle got better.
http://salamzaban.com/search?searchword=gradual&ordering=newest&searchphrase=all&limit=20#content
influence
v. to have an effect on a person's point of view
adj. influential or behavior; to change the course of events
n. influence
Syn. affect
He was unable to influence his friend's decision.
The drought was due to the influence of a warm water current called "el nino".
http://salamzaban.com/search?searchword=influence&ordering=&searchphrase=all
inordinate
adj. a large amount or quality; far more than you would reasonably or normally expect
adv. inordinately
Syn. excessive
The airlines had to cancel an inordinate number of flights due to the fog.
There was an inordinately large number of whales off the coast.
inordinate demands for higher wages.
It has taken an inordinate length of time. (=too long).
Testing is taking up an inordinate amount of teachers' time.
She's inordinately fond of her parrot.
this car burns an inordinate amount of gasoline.
a book inordinately long.
an inordinate number of meetings.
Scientists have been criticized for devoting an inordinate amount of time to research on animals.
http://salamzaban.com/search?searchword=inordinate&ordering=&searchphrase=all
instantly
adv. immediately; in a short
adj. instantaneous (happening immediately)
adj. instant (happening or produced immediately)
n. instant (a moment of time)
Syn. immediately
The computer finished the job instantly.
It happened in an instant.
The police came to my help instantly.
All four victims died instantly.
The information was instantly available.
modern methods of instantaneous communication.
Death from a massive heart attack was almost instantaneous.
Fortunately for him, his death was instantaneous.
She accidentally swallowed the poison and death was instantaneous.
an instantaneous reaction.
an instant success.
a system that provides instant access to client information.
The women took an instant dislike to one another.
The programme brought an instant response.
I’ll be back in an instant.
Not for an instant (=not at all) did I believe he had lied.
She caught his eye for an instant . When the rain started, the crowd vanished in an instant (=immediately) .
http://salamzaban.com/search?searchword=instantly&ordering=&searchphrase=all
intentional
adj. (esp. of something bad) done on purpose;
adv. intentionally
n. intention
n. intent
Syn. deliberate
ￚopposite unintentional
The machine was left on intentionally.
Her action was an indication of her good intentions.
an intentional insult.
His exclusion from the meeting was quite intentional.
I did trip him, but it wasn't intentional.
an intentional mistake.
he intentionally hit his car against our tree.
intentionally vague promises.
http://salamzaban.com/search?searchword=intentional&ordering=&searchphrase=all
intrinsic
adj. being part of the nature or character of someone or something
adv. intrinsically
Syn. inherent
The forests of the Northwest are intrinsically rich in natural resources.
the intrinsic interest of the subject.
intrinsic nature/quality/value/property of something
There is nothing in the intrinsic nature of the work that makes it more suitable for women.
Flexibility is intrinsic to creative management.
Science is seen as intrinsically good.
her intrinsic goodness.
He admitted the intrinsic merits of my idea, but said it would need a lot of refinement
before it could be put into practice.
difficulties that are intrinsic to such a situation.
the intrinsic value of a gold coin is usually less than its nominal value.
A penny has little intrinsic value.
He’s intrinsically honest, although he is tempted to cheat sometimes.
Parents need to teach children the intrinsic value of good behavior.
http://salamzaban.com/search?searchword=intrinsic&ordering=&searchphrase=all
inundate
v. to flood over in large amounts (with water, information, request, work, problems etc.)
to receive so much of something that you cannot easily deal with it all
n. inundation
Syn. overwhelm, swamp
The radio stations were inundated with reports of a severe traffic accident.
The foundation experienced an inundation of requests for money.
The river overflowed and inundated the town.
After winning the contest, I was inundated with requests for money.
After the broadcast, we were inundated with requests for more information.
The tidal wave inundated vast areas of cropland.
Floodwaters periodically inundate the lowlands of the state.
rain caused the river to inundate farms.
help for the inundated villages.
our basement was completely inundated.
our office was inundated with job applications.
http://salamzaban.com/search?searchword=inundate&ordering=&searchphrase=all
involve
v. to become concerned with or connected to
adj. involved (to take part in an activity or event, or be connected with it in some way)
n. involvement(the act of taking part in an activity or event, or the way in which you take part in it)
Syn. include
She involved herself in many activities to meet new friends.
His involvement in right-wing politics is well documented.
These changes will involve everyone on the staff.
More than 30 software firms were involved in the project.
I don't want to get involved in some lengthy argument about who is to blame.
I'm afraid your son's been involved in an accident (=he is one of the people in an
accident) .
Landel has been involved with the Hercules project for years.
Mrs. Cummings has been actively involved with the church for years.
School officials say they welcome parental involvement.
His new book examines the United States’ involvement in World War II.
The police have been looking into Harris’s possible involvement with a series of robberies.
http://salamzaban.com/search?searchword=involve&ordering=&searchphrase=all
nominal
adj. very small; in form but not in substance
adv. nominally
Syn. moderate
The office building was sold at a nominal price.
She was nominally successful as an actress.
a nominal leader.
a nominal Christian.
a nominal fee.
A nominal charge is made for use of the tennis courts.
the nominal head of the rebellion
Their conversion to Christianity was only nominal.
The old man is only the nominal head of the business
his daughter makes all the decisions.
His position as chairman is purely nominal.
sold for a nominal sum (=a price far below the real value).
He is nominally the head of the company.
It's fairly clear that he is only the nominal head of the local party -- in fact he's got no authority at all.
The daughter had all the brains and did all the accounts -- the son was just the nominal boss of the business.
Tickets for the concert are a nominal $3 for students.
http://salamzaban.com/search?searchword=nominal&ordering=&searchphrase=all
presumably
adv. reported but not confirmed, probably
adj. presumable
v. presume (refer to proper dictionary for its meaniing)
n. presumption (something that you think is true because it is very likely)
Syn. supposedly
The old wreck was presumably located to the southwest of Florida.
I presume that you have been camping before.
It's raining, which presumably means that your football match will be cancelled.
He's dead now, presumably?
If you’ve already eaten, you presumably won’t want dinner.
Presumably you’ve read this notice. (=I suppose/hope that you have).
the presumption that their wealth is the result of crime.
On the presumption that the doctor knows best, I took the medicine.
| « قبلی |
|---|
تافل Essential Words for the TOEFL Essential Words for the TOEFL- Lesson 17
