{"id":19730,"date":"2026-06-01T02:09:56","date_gmt":"2026-06-01T02:09:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/beta.salamzaban.com\/?p=19730"},"modified":"2026-06-01T02:09:56","modified_gmt":"2026-06-01T02:09:56","slug":"the-welland-canal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/the-welland-canal\/","title":{"rendered":"\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u062f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u062f<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 300px; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/10\/welland-canal-ships-2.webp\" alt=\"The_Welland_Canal\" \/><\/p>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-19730-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/media.salamzaban.com\/sites\/repo\/audio\/six-level\/level-four\/salamzaban.com-sixlevelconversation-levelfour-023.mp3?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/media.salamzaban.com\/sites\/repo\/audio\/six-level\/level-four\/salamzaban.com-sixlevelconversation-levelfour-023.mp3\">https:\/\/media.salamzaban.com\/sites\/repo\/audio\/six-level\/level-four\/salamzaban.com-sixlevelconversation-levelfour-023.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/media.salamzaban.com\/sites\/repo\/audio\/six-level\/level-four\/salamzaban.com-sixlevelconversation-levelfour-023.mp3\"><strong>\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">The Welland Canal<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Before railways and automobiles became common, transporting goods over long distances was a difficult <strong>chore<\/strong>. In early North America, roads were often bad or non- existent. In the winter, snow and cold weather made travel difficult. <strong>Frontier <\/strong>farmers had trouble selling their crops because it was hard to get them to the cities. Often rivers and lakes were the best ways to travel. Fur traders carried their furs and other supplies in canoes. But even large canoes were not big enough to hold a <strong>shipment <\/strong>of wheat.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Rapids and waterfalls <strong>meant <\/strong>that goods had to be taken out of the canoe and carried to the next <strong>body <\/strong>of calm water. One way to improve water transportation was to build a canal. In New York State, Governor DeWitt Clinton had constructed the Erie Canal from the Niagara River to the Hudson River, soon after the War of 1812. Because relations between the United States and Canada were still not very friendly, this was another reason to build a canal on the Canadian side.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Canals could be used to move supplies and troops during <strong>wartime<\/strong>. Sometimes the British government would forbid Canadian farmers to sell food to the U.S.A. Without a canal to move their farm <strong>produce<\/strong>, crops were sometimes left to <strong>rot<\/strong>. A St. Catharines, Ontario, <strong>merchant <\/strong>named William Hamilton Merritt thought about all these things in the 1820s. He also thought that flour <strong>mill<\/strong>s needed a more reliable source of water to operate. St. Catharines is on Twelve-Mile Creek below the Niagara Escarpment. This <strong>creek <\/strong>runs towards Lake Ontario.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">It rises above the Escarpment, which stands from 150 to 300 feet high, then runs towards Lake Ontario. If Merritt could join the Twelve-Mile Creek to one of the rivers, which ran to Lake Erie, the canal would provide transportation and <strong>water power<\/strong>. The problem was to find a way to move boats up the <strong>escarpment<\/strong>. From 1824 to 1829, Merritt and his friends hired labourers to dig away tons of <strong>dirt <\/strong>and rock. Nearly all the work was done with shovels, <strong>pickax<\/strong>es, horses and wagons. In places, the ground was soft and<strong> landslide<\/strong>s occurred. In other places, the men had to dig through solid granite rock. Merritt&#8217;s main problem, however, was raising the money to pay for the <strong>construction<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">After sinking all the money that he, his family and friends had into the canal, more was needed. Merritt went to Toronto, New York and finally London, England to get the financial support he needed. The problem of getting the boats to climb the escarpment was solved by a series of 35 wooden <strong>lock<\/strong>s. These carried a ship 327 feet upwards. The ship would enter a lock with a small amount of water. More water would come into the lock, lifting the boat another ten or fifteen feet. Then the ship would move into the next lock, and be lifted up again. Boats going in the opposite direction were lowered instead of lifted.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The Welland Canal has been rebuilt three times since the first canal opened in 1829. Now large sea-going and lake vessels cross the Niagara Peninsula from Lake Ontario to Lake Erie. They carry grain, coal, iron ore, oil and many other bulk products. The Welland Canal remains one of the most important commercial waterways in the world.<\/p>\n<hr dir=\"ltr\" \/>\n<hr dir=\"ltr\" \/>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">&#8212;<br \/>\nchorea piece of uninteresting, difficult, or unpleasant work:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">It\u2019s such a chore filling in tax forms.<br \/>\nSalamzaban belive learning should be a pleasure rather than a chore<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">&#8212;<br \/>\nFrontier<br \/>\n&#8212;<br \/>\nshipment<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 300px; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/10\/shipment-highway-truck-2.webp\" alt=\"shipment\" \/><br \/>\na load of goods sent by sea, road, or air, or the act of sending them<br \/>\nshipment of<br \/>\na large shipment of grain has just arived<br \/>\narms\/oil\/drug etc shipment<br \/>\nan illegal arms shipment<br \/>\nThe goods are ready for shipment.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">LOOK AT THIS LINK:<br \/>\n&#8212;<br \/>\nRapids part of a river where the water looks white because it is moving very fast over rocks<br \/>\nLook at these examples:<br \/>\n&#8212;<br \/>\nmeantthe past tense and past participle of mean<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">mean\u25b6RESULT IN SOMETHING\u25c0<br \/>\n[not in progressive] to have a particular result or involve something<br \/>\nThe merger will mean the eventual closure of the company&#8217;s Sydney office. Don&#8217;t let him see you. It will only mean trouble.<br \/>\nmean (that)<br \/>\nThe high cost of housing means that many young people can&#8217;t afford to buy a house.<br \/>\nmean doing something<br \/>\nMy new job will mean travelling all over the world.<br \/>\nDieting also means being careful about which foods you buy.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">&#8212;<br \/>\nbody<br \/>\n&#8212;<br \/>\nwartime<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">the period of time when a country is fighting a war<br \/>\n\uffdaopposite peacetime<br \/>\nin\/during wartime<br \/>\nEven in wartime some people held concerts.<br \/>\n\uffdawartime adjective [only before noun] the hardships of wartime Britain his wartime experiences<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">&#8212;<br \/>\nproduce<br \/>\n[uncountable]<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">food or other things that have been grown or produced on a farm to be sold<br \/>\nagricultural\/organic etc produce fresh local produce<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">dairy produce British English (=milk, butter, cheese etc)<br \/>\n&#8212;<br \/>\nrot<br \/>\n&#8212;<br \/>\nmerchant<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">old-fashioned someone who buys and sells goods in large quantities<br \/>\nthe son of a wealthy merchant<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">&#8212;<br \/>\nmill<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 300px; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/10\/mill-rural-tree-2.webp\" alt=\"mill\" \/><br \/>\n\u25b6GRAIN\u25c0<br \/>\na building containing a large machine for crushing grain into flour<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">&#8212;<br \/>\ncreek<br \/>\na small narrow stream or river<br \/>\nLook at these examples:<br \/>\n&#8212;<br \/>\nwater powerpower obtained from moving water, used to produce electricity or to make a machine work<br \/>\n&#8212;<br \/>\nescarpment<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 300px; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/10\/water-see-mountain-2.webp\" alt=\"escarpment\" \/><br \/>\na high steep slope or cliff between two levels on a hill or mountain<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">&#8212;<br \/>\ndirt<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">especially American English earth or soil<br \/>\nMichael threw his handful of dirt onto the coffin.<br \/>\nin (the) dirt<br \/>\nThe children had been sitting in the dirt.<br \/>\nThe children were outside playing happily in the dirt.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">&#8212;<br \/>\npickax<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 300px; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/10\/pickax-ground-land-2.webp\" alt=\"pickax\" \/><br \/>\na large tool that you use for breaking up the ground. It consists of a curved iron bar with a sharp point on each end and a long handle<br \/>\n&#8212;<br \/>\nlandslide<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 300px; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/10\/tehran-street-collapse-cone-2.webp\" alt=\"landslide\" \/><br \/>\na sudden fall of earth or rocks down a hill, cliff, etc.<br \/>\nheavy rains have caused several landslides<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">LOOK AT THIS LINK:<br \/>\n&#8212;<br \/>\nconstruction<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u25b6BUILDING SOMETHING\u25c0<br \/>\n[uncountable] the process of building things such as houses, bridges, roads etc<br \/>\nconstruction of<br \/>\nthe construction of a new airport<br \/>\nunder construction<br \/>\n(=being built) The hotel is currently under construction.<br \/>\na road construction project construction workers<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">&#8212;<br \/>\nlock<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u25b6ON A RIVER ETC\u25c0<br \/>\na part of a canal or river that is closed off by gates so that the water level can be raised or lowered to move boats up or down a slope<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">&#8212;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 The Welland Canal Before railways and automobiles became common, transporting goods over long distances was a difficult chore. In early North America, roads were often bad or non- existent. In the winter, snow and cold weather made travel difficult. Frontier farmers had trouble selling their crops because it was&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/the-welland-canal\/\" rel=\"bookmark\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u062f<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":54510,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19730","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-level-four"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u062f - \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/the-welland-canal\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fa_IR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u062f - \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 The Welland Canal Before railways and automobiles became common, transporting goods over long distances was a difficult chore. In early North America, roads were often bad or non- existent. In the winter, snow and cold weather made travel difficult. 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\u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/the-welland-canal\/","og_locale":"fa_IR","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u062f - \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc","og_description":"\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 The Welland Canal Before railways and automobiles became common, transporting goods over long distances was a difficult chore. 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