{"id":20507,"date":"2026-06-01T02:08:03","date_gmt":"2026-06-01T02:08:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/beta.salamzaban.com\/?p=20507"},"modified":"2026-06-01T02:08:03","modified_gmt":"2026-06-01T02:08:03","slug":"trial-by-jury","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/trial-by-jury\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u06cc\u0626\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641\u0647"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u06cc\u0626\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641\u0647<\/p>\n

\"Trial<\/p>\n

\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Trial by Jury<\/h3>\n

If you are a citizen of Canada or the United States, it is very likely that you will be summon<\/strong>ed at some time for jury duty. A letter will come in the mail, telling you to report to a certain place at a given time. There are legal penaltie<\/strong>s for not attending, because jury duty is considered every citizen’s responsibility. Often a large number of people, perhaps several hundred, will be summoned at one time.<\/p>\n

When you arrive, you will join a line-up<\/strong> of others who are registeri<\/strong>ng for duty. Eventually, you will get to a table and talk to an official. If you have a special reason for not being a juror, such as ill health, you may be excus<\/strong>ed at this point. Those not immediately exempt<\/strong>ed become a part of a “jury panel<\/strong>.” Out of this panel, a number of juries of twelve people will be chosen. These will decide a variety of criminal cases over the next few weeks.<\/p>\n

What follows is the experience of one woman in a “jury pool<\/strong>.” She went with the others into a large courtroom where they spent the whole day. At the front of the courtroom were the judge, and the lawyers for the prosecution<\/strong> and for the defence. One of the lawyers explained what the case was going to be about. The names of the jury panel were in a box at the front. When someone’s name was called, they went up to the front of the courtroom.<\/p>\n

The person called up would then have a chance to explain why they couldn’t serve as a juror, if there was some reason preventing them. For example, one woman was dismissed because she knew the accused<\/strong>. The first jury to be chosen was for a burglary<\/strong> case. A panel member went forward and faced the accused. Then the lawyers in the trial decided whether the juror was satisfactory to them. At lunchtime, the panel was dismissed for an hour.<\/p>\n

The second jury was to try someone on a charge of murder. Usually the panel was told approximately how long the trial might be. Since jurors are not usually paid, many would like to avoid being involved in a long trial. The woman was called forward and had to look the man accused of murder in the eye. This made her quite nervous. Judging by her expression, the two lawyers would decide whether they wanted her on the jury or not. The defence lawyer would try to choose someone who seemed sympathetic to the man accused. The prosecutor would prefer someone who was not sympathetic. The woman excused herself by saying that she had a very young child to look after and no relatives to help. She was allowed to go home at the end of the day.<\/p>\n

Some people wonder whether it is fair for lawyers to dismiss jurors who may not be sympathetic to their cases. For example, defence lawyers may try to choose young people if they think that these will be less severe to their client<\/strong>s. In the case above, the lawyer seemed to prefer women to men. This means that a lot of people are dismis<\/strong>sed from being jurors without a good reason.<\/p>\n

One principle of the jury system, however, is to protect the rights of the accused particularly well. One might say that the jury system is biased in favour of the defendant<\/strong>. This is why defence lawyers have an opportunity to dismiss people who they think will not be favourable to their clients.<\/p>\n

Furthermore, having twelve jurors gives the defence a good opportunity for a successful defence. If the defence attorney <\/strong>can raise a reasonable doubt about the guilt of his client in even one juror, then the accused has a chance of being released. This happened in the O.J. Simpson murder trial. There, even though there was strong evidence that Simpson commit<\/strong>ted the crime, the defence was able to insinuate<\/strong> some doubts among the jurors. Moreover, the defence lawyers may be able to appeal to the emotion<\/strong>s of the jurors, particularly if they can think of a way to gain sympathy for their client.<\/p>\n

For this reason, defence lawyers are more likely to choose trial by jury over trial by judge alone. A judge is less likely to be sway<\/strong>ed by emotion than a jury. And a defence attorney may also prefer a criminal trial to a civil suit. In the latter case, the client does not have to be proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt but will be found liable<\/strong> if the preponderance<\/strong> of evidence is against him or her. This is why O.J. Simpson was acquit<\/strong>ted on criminal charges, but then found liable for damages in a civil suit.<\/p>\n

\n
\n

summon<\/p>\n

\"summon\"
\nsource 1
\nsummon somebody (to do something)<\/strong> (formal)
\nto order somebody to appear in court
\nSynonym: <\/strong>summons
\nHe was summoned to appear before the magistrates.<\/p>\n

source 2
\nto order someone to come to a place:
\nRobert summoned the waiter for the bill.
\nsummon somebody to something <\/strong>The president summoned Taylor to Washington.
\nsummon somebody to do something <\/strong>He was summoned to attend an emergency meeting.<\/p>\n

penalty<\/p>\n

\"penalty\"
\nsource 1
\na punishment for breaking a law, rule or contract
\nto impose a penalty
\nAssault carries a maximum penalty of seven years’ imprisonment.
\npenalty (for something)<\/strong>The penalty for travelling without a ticket is \u00a3200.
\nContractors who fall behind schedule incur heavy financial penalties.
\na penalty clause in a contract
\nYou can withdraw money from the account at any time without penalty.
\nHarsher penalties are being imposed for crimes involving firearms.<\/p>\n

source 2
\na punishment for breaking a law, rule, or legal agreement: No littering. Penalty $500.
\nWithdrawing the money early will result in a 10% penalty.
\npenalty for <\/strong>The penalty for a first offense is a fine.
\nsevere\/stiff\/heavy <\/strong>penalty Drug dealers face severe penalties.
\nIf he is convicted, he could receive the death penalty (=be killed as a punishment).<\/p>\n

line-up<\/p>\n

\"line-up\"
\nsource 1
\nthe people who are going to take part in a particular event
\nan impressive line-up of speakers
\nJones has not been included in the quarter-final line-up.
\nthe starting line-up (= the players who will begin the game)<\/p>\n

source 2
\na group of people, especially performers, who have agreed to be involved in an event:
\nThe line-up included top bands Prodigy and Radiohead.<\/p>\n

register<\/p>\n

\"register\"
\nsource 1
\nto record your\/somebody’s\/something’s name on an official list
\nregister something <\/strong>to register a birth\/marriage\/death
\nto register a company\/trademark
\nregister something in something <\/strong>The ship was registered in Panama.
\nregister somebody + adjective| register (somebody) as something <\/strong>She is officially registered (as) disabled.
\nregister (with somebody\/something) <\/strong>to register with a doctor
\nregister (at\/for something) <\/strong>to register at a hotel<\/p>\n

source 2
\nto put someone’s or something’s name on an official list:
\nThe tanker is registered in Rotterdam.
\nregister for <\/strong>How many students have registered for English classes?
\nregister with <\/strong>You must bring your insurance card with you when you register with a dentist or doctor.
\nregister a birth\/death\/marriage <\/strong>The baby’s birth was registered this morning.
\nbe registered (as) unemployed\/disabled etc <\/strong>British English (=be on an official list of a particular group)<\/p>\n

excuse<\/p>\n

\"excuse\"
\nsource 1
\nto allow somebody to not do something that they should normally do
\nShe was excused from giving evidence because of her age.<\/p>\n

source 2
\n1 to allow someone not to do something that they are supposed to do
\nexcuse somebody from (doing) something <\/strong>Can I be excused from swimming today? I have a cold.
\n2 to give someone permission to leave a place:
\nMay I please be excused from the table?<\/p>\n

exempt<\/p>\n

\"exempt\"
\nsource 1
\nif somebody\/something is exempt from something, they are not affected by it, do not have to do it, pay it, etc
\nThe interest on the money is exempt from tax.
\nSome students are exempt from certain exams.
\nInfant mortality was extremely high and the upper classes were not exempt.<\/p>\n

source 2
\nto give someone permission not to do or pay something
\nexempt somebody from something <\/strong>Charities are exempted from paying the tax.
\na document that exempts the owner from liability in case of accidents<\/p>\n

jury panel<\/p>\n

\"jury_panel\"
\nsource 1
\njury<\/p>\n

source 2
\na group of people who are chosen to listen to a case in a court of law and to decide the result [= jury]:
\nThe panel spent 14 hours going over the evidence.<\/p>\n

pool<\/p>\n

\"jury_pool\"
\nsource 1
\na group of people available for work when needed
\na pool of cheap labour
\na typing pool<\/strong> (= a group of people who share a company’s typing work)<\/p>\n

source 2
\na group of people who are available to work or to do an activity when they are needed
\npool of <\/strong>a pool of talented applicants to choose from
\nThe region has a large and talented labour pool<\/p>\n

the\u00a0prosecution
\n\"the_prosecution\"
\nsource 1
\na person or an organization that prosecutes somebody in court, together with the lawyers, etc
\nHe was a witness for the prosecution.
\nThe prosecution has\/have failed to prove its\/their case.
\ndefence and prosecution
\na prosecution lawyer<\/p>\n

source 2
\nthe lawyers who try to prove in a court of law that someone is guilty of a crime [\u21aa defence]:
\nthe chief witness for the prosecution<\/p>\n

WORD FOCUS: court
\npeople in a court of law: judge, magistrate, jury, defence British English\/defense<\/strong> American English, prosecution, defendant, witness, attorney, lawyer, barrister <\/strong>British English, solicitor<\/strong> British English, district attorney <\/strong>American English
\nwhat happens in a court case:At the beginning of the trial, the person who is accused pleads guilty <\/strong>or not guilty<\/strong> to the charges <\/strong>against them. The lawyers for the prosecution try to prove that the defendant is guilty, and the lawyers for the defence try to prove<\/strong> that their client is innocent. The judge and the jury examine the evidence<\/strong> and listen to the testimony<\/strong> of the witnesses. At the end of the trial, the judge then sums up<\/strong> the case, and the jury then gives their verdict.<\/strong> If the person is found guilty<\/strong>, the judge sentences<\/strong> them to a period of time in prison, or orders them to pay a fine<\/strong>. If the person is found not guilty<\/strong>, they are released
\nthe accused<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"the_accused\"
\nsource 1
\na person who is on trial for committing a crime
\nThe accused was found innocent.
\nAll the accused have pleaded guilty.<\/p>\n

source 2
\nthe person or group of people who have been officially accused of a crime or offence in a court of law<\/p>\n

burglary<\/p>\n

\"burglary\"
\nsource 1
\nthe crime of entering a building illegally and stealing things from it
\nSynonym: <\/strong>housebreaking
\nThe youth was charged with three counts of burglary.
\na rise in the number of burglaries committed in the area<\/p>\n

source 2
\nthe crime of getting into a building to steal things:
\nBurglaries have risen by 5%.
\nHe was charged with burglary.
\nMost burglaries happen at night.<\/p>\n

WORD FOCUS: crime<\/p>\n

crimes that involve stealing things:<\/strong> robbery, burglary, theft, shoplifting, fraud, carjacking<\/p>\n

crimes that involve attacking people : assault, mugging, murder, rape
\nsomeone who commits crimes: criminal, thief, crook, burglar, mugger, robber, pickpocket, rapist, offender, lawbreakercrime<\/p>\n

client<\/p>\n

\"client\"
\nsource 1
\na person who uses the services or advice of a professional person or organization
\na lawyer with many famous clients
\nto act on behalf of a client
\nSocial workers must always consider the best interests of their clients<\/p>\n

source 2
\nsomeone who gets services or advice from a professional person, company, or organization [= customer]:
\na meeting with an important client<\/p>\n

WORD CHOICE: customer, client, patron, shopper, consumer<\/strong>Customer<\/strong> is the most general word. A customer<\/strong> is someone who buys something from a particular shop. People who pay to use something such as a transport service can also be called customers <\/strong>A customer came in and bought several jackets.
\nCustomers are advised that the next train is delayed.
\nA client <\/strong>is someone who pays for a service
\na hairdresser and her clients
\nA patron<\/strong> of a particular restaurant, bar etc is someone who eats or drinks there. This is a fairly formal word and it is more usual to use customer <\/strong>Patrons are asked to refrain from smoking.
\nA shopper<\/strong> is someone who is involved in the activity of buying things from shops
\nThe street was crowded with shoppers.
\nA consumer<\/strong> is anyone who pays for goods and services. This word is used especially when you are talking about people’s rights
\nConsumers have a right to know what they are buying.<\/p>\n

defendant<\/p>\n

\"defendant\"
\nsource 1
\nthe person in a trial who is accused of committing a crime, or who is being sued by another person<\/p>\n

Breaking the law<\/p>\n

break\/violate\/obey\/uphold the law
\nbe investigated\/arrested\/tried for<\/strong> a crime\/a robbery\/fraud
\nbe arrested<\/strong>\/(especially North American English) indicted\/convicted<\/strong> on charges of rape\/fraud\/(especially US) felony charges
\nbe arrested <\/strong>on suspicion of arson\/robbery\/shoplifting
\nbe accused of\/be charged with <\/strong>murder\/(especially North American English) homicide\/four counts of fraud
\nface<\/strong> two charges of indecent assault
\nadmit <\/strong>your guilt\/liability\/responsibility (for something)
\ndeny<\/strong> the allegations\/claims\/charges
\nconfess to<\/strong> a crime
\ngrant\/be refused\/be released on\/skip\/jump <\/strong>bail<\/p>\n

The legal processstand\/await\/bring somebody to\/come to\/be on<\/strong> trial
\ntake somebody to\/come to\/settle something out of<\/strong> court
\nface\/avoid\/escape <\/strong>prosecution
\nseek\/retain\/have the right to\/be denied access to<\/strong> legal counsel
\nhold\/conduct\/attend\/adjourn<\/strong> a hearing\/trial
\nsit on\/influence\/persuade\/convince<\/strong> the jury
\nsit\/stand\/appear\/be put\/place somebody<\/strong> in the dock
\nplead <\/strong>guilty\/not guilty to a crime
\nbe called to\/enter<\/strong> (British English) the witness box
\ntake\/put somebody on<\/strong> the stand\/(North American English) the witness stand
\ncall\/subpoena\/question\/cross-examine<\/strong> a witness
\ngive\/hear<\/strong> the evidence against\/on behalf of somebody
\nraise\/withdraw\/overrule<\/strong> an objection
\nreach<\/strong> a unanimous\/majority verdict
\nreturn\/deliver\/record<\/strong> a verdict of not guilty\/unlawful killing\/accidental death
\nconvict\/acquit <\/strong>the defendant of the crime
\nsecure<\/strong> a conviction\/your acquittal
\nlodge\/file<\/strong> an appeal
\nappeal (against)\/challenge\/uphold\/overturn <\/strong>a conviction\/verdict<\/p>\n

Sentencing and punishmentpass<\/strong> sentence on somebody
\ncarry\/face\/serve <\/strong>a seven-year\/life sentence
\nreceive\/be given<\/strong> the death penalty
\nbe sentenced to <\/strong>ten years (in prison\/jail)
\ncarry\/impose\/pay <\/strong>a fine (of $3000)\/a penalty (of 14 years imprisonment)
\nbe imprisoned\/jailed for<\/strong> drug possession\/fraud\/murder
\ndo\/serve<\/strong> time\/ten years
\nbe sent to\/put somebody in\/be released from<\/strong> jail\/prison
\nbe\/put somebody\/spend X years <\/strong>on death row
\nbe granted\/be denied\/break (your)<\/strong> parole<\/p>\n

source 2
\nthe person in a court of law who has been accused of doing something illegal [\u21aa plaintiff; = prisoner AmE]
\nWe find the defendant not guilty.<\/p>\n

dismiss<\/p>\n

\"dismiss\"
\nsource 1
\nto send somebody away or allow them to leave
\nAt 12 o’clock the class was dismissed.<\/p>\n

source 2
\nto tell someone that they are allowed to go, or are no longer needed:
\nThe class was dismissed early today.<\/p>\n

commit<\/p>\n

\"commit\"
\nsource 1
\nto do something wrong or illegal
\nto commit murder\/adultery
\nMost crimes are committed by young men.
\nappalling crimes committed against innocent children<\/p>\n

source 2
\nto do something wrong or illegal:
\nwomen commit fewer crimes than men.
\ncommit murder\/rape\/arson etc <\/strong>Brady committed a series of brutal murders.<\/p>\n

insinuate<\/p>\n

\"insinuate\"
\nsource 1
\nto suggest indirectly that something unpleasant is true
\nSynonym: <\/strong>imply
\ninsinuate that\u2026 <\/strong>The article insinuated that he was having an affair with his friend’s wife.
\ninsinuate something <\/strong>What are you trying to insinuate?
\nan insinuating smile<\/p>\n

source 2
\nto say something which seems to mean something unpleasant without saying it openly, especially suggesting that someone is being dishonest [= imply]
\ninsinuate that <\/strong>Are you insinuating that the money was stolen?
\nWhat are you trying to insinuate?<\/p>\n

emotion<\/p>\n

\"emotion\"
\nsource 1
\na strong feeling such as love, fear or anger; the part of a person’s character that consists of feelings
\nHe lost control of his emotions.
\nThey expressed mixed emotions at the news.
\nEmotions are running high<\/strong> (= people are feeling very excited, angry, etc.).
\nThe decision was based on emotion rather than rational thought.
\nShe showed no emotion at the verdict.
\nMary was overcome with emotion.<\/p>\n

source 2
\na strong human feeling such as love, hate, or anger:
\nHer voice was full of emotion.
\nconflicting\/mixed emotions <\/strong>Sara listened with mixed emotions.
\nShe was good at hiding her emotions.
\nKim received the news without showing any visible sign of emotion.<\/p>\n

sway<\/p>\n

\"sway\"
\nsource 1
\nto persuade somebody to believe something or do something
\nSynonym:<\/strong> influence
\nHe’s easily swayed.
\nShe wasn’t swayed by his good looks or his clever talk.<\/p>\n

source 2
\nto influence someone so that they change their opinion:
\nDon’t allow yourself to be swayed by his promises.<\/p>\n

attorney<\/p>\n

\"attorney\"
\nsource 1
\na lawyer, especially one who can act for somebody in court<\/p>\n

Usage note: lawyers<\/p>\n

Lawyer is a general term for a person who is qualified to advise people about the law, to prepare legal documents for them and\/or to represent them in a court of law.
\nIn England and Wales, a lawyer<\/strong> who is qualified to speak in the higher courts of law is called a barrister<\/strong>. In Scotland a barrister<\/strong> is called an advocate<\/strong>.
\nIn North American English attorney<\/strong> is a more formal word used for a lawyer <\/strong>and is used especially in job titles: district attorney.
\nCounsel<\/strong> is the formal legal word used for a lawyer who is representing someone in court: counsel for the prosecution.
\nSolicitor<\/strong> is the British English term for a lawyer who gives legal advice and prepares documents, for example when you are buying a house, and sometimes has the right to speak in a court of law.
\nIn North American English solicitor<\/strong> is only used in the titles of some lawyers who work for the government: Solicitor General.<\/p>\n

source 2
\na lawyer<\/p>\n

liable<\/p>\n

\"liable\"
\nsource 1
\nlikely to be punished by law for something
\nOffenders are liable to fines of up to $500.
\nAdvertisers pretending to be private individuals will be liable to prosecution.<\/p>\n

source 2
\nlegally responsible for the cost of something
\nliable for
\npeople who are liable for income tax at a higher rate<\/p>\n

preponderance<\/p>\n

\"preponderance\"
\nsource 1
\nif there is a preponderance of one type of people or things in a group, there are more of them than others
\nSynonym:<\/strong> predominance
\nThere is still a preponderance of male managers in the profession.<\/p>\n

source 2
\na preponderance of the evidence <\/strong>(law)
\nmost of the evidence in a law case<\/p>\n

acquit<\/p>\n

\"acquit\"
\nsource 1
\nto decide and state officially in court that somebody is not guilty of a crime
\nThe jury acquitted him of murder.
\nBoth defendants were acquitted.
\nShe was acquitted on all charges.
\nHe was acquitted on the grounds of insufficient evidence.
\nOpposite:<\/strong> convict<\/p>\n

source 2
\nto give a decision in a court of law that someone is not guilty of a crime:
\nAll the defendants were acquitted.
\nacquit somebody of something <\/strong>The judge directed the jury to acquit Phillips of the murder.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u06cc\u0626\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc Trial by Jury If you are a citizen of Canada or the United States, it is very likely that you will be summoned at some time for jury duty. A letter will come in the mail, telling you to report to a certain place at a given… \u0645\u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u06cc\u0626\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641\u0647<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":53975,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20507","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-level-four"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0645\u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u06cc\u0626\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641\u0647 - \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/trial-by-jury\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fa_IR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0645\u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u06cc\u0626\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641\u0647 - \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0645\u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u06cc\u0626\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc Trial by Jury If you are a citizen of Canada or the United States, it is very likely that you will be summoned at some time for jury duty. A letter will come in the mail, telling you to report to a certain place at a given… \u0645\u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u06cc\u0626\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641\u0647\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/trial-by-jury\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-06-01T02:08:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/11\/Trial-Jury-black-man-woman-2.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"340\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"226\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"sayah\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0633\u062a\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"sayah\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"16 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/salamzaban.com\\\/conversation\\\/trial-by-jury\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/salamzaban.com\\\/conversation\\\/trial-by-jury\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"sayah\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/salamzaban.com\\\/conversation\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/3a775bd141861fb244023b4b477654de\"},\"headline\":\"\u0645\u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u06cc\u0626\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641\u0647\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-01T02:08:03+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/salamzaban.com\\\/conversation\\\/trial-by-jury\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":3118,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/salamzaban.com\\\/conversation\\\/trial-by-jury\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/salamzaban.com\\\/conversation\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2010\\\/11\\\/trial-jury-black-man-woman-2.webp\",\"articleSection\":[\"level four\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fa-IR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/salamzaban.com\\\/conversation\\\/trial-by-jury\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/salamzaban.com\\\/conversation\\\/trial-by-jury\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u0645\u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u06cc\u0626\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641\u0647 - \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/salamzaban.com\\\/conversation\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/salamzaban.com\\\/conversation\\\/trial-by-jury\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/salamzaban.com\\\/conversation\\\/trial-by-jury\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/salamzaban.com\\\/conversation\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2010\\\/11\\\/trial-jury-black-man-woman-2.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-01T02:08:03+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/salamzaban.com\\\/conversation\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/3a775bd141861fb244023b4b477654de\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/salamzaban.com\\\/conversation\\\/trial-by-jury\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fa-IR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/salamzaban.com\\\/conversation\\\/trial-by-jury\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fa-IR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/salamzaban.com\\\/conversation\\\/trial-by-jury\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/salamzaban.com\\\/conversation\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2010\\\/11\\\/trial-jury-black-man-woman-2.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/salamzaban.com\\\/conversation\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2010\\\/11\\\/trial-jury-black-man-woman-2.webp\",\"width\":340,\"height\":226},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/salamzaban.com\\\/conversation\\\/trial-by-jury\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/salamzaban.com\\\/conversation\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u0645\u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u06cc\u0626\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641\u0647\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/salamzaban.com\\\/conversation\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/salamzaban.com\\\/conversation\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\",\"description\":\"\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u060c \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/salamzaban.com\\\/conversation\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fa-IR\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/salamzaban.com\\\/conversation\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/3a775bd141861fb244023b4b477654de\",\"name\":\"sayah\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fa-IR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/42c14c160d70f60ee5c54f2f9675328426f18554e8ce1374796e765ed2dbebf4?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/42c14c160d70f60ee5c54f2f9675328426f18554e8ce1374796e765ed2dbebf4?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/42c14c160d70f60ee5c54f2f9675328426f18554e8ce1374796e765ed2dbebf4?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"sayah\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/salamzaban.com\\\/conversation\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/salamzaban.com\\\/conversation\\\/author\\\/sayah\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0645\u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u06cc\u0626\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641\u0647 - \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/trial-by-jury\/","og_locale":"fa_IR","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u0645\u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u06cc\u0626\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641\u0647 - \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc","og_description":"\u0645\u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u06cc\u0626\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc Trial by Jury If you are a citizen of Canada or the United States, it is very likely that you will be summoned at some time for jury duty. A letter will come in the mail, telling you to report to a certain place at a given… \u0645\u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u06cc\u0626\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641\u0647","og_url":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/trial-by-jury\/","og_site_name":"\u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc","article_published_time":"2026-06-01T02:08:03+00:00","og_image":[{"width":340,"height":226,"url":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/11\/Trial-Jury-black-man-woman-2.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"sayah","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0633\u062a":"sayah","\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646":"16 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/trial-by-jury\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/trial-by-jury\/"},"author":{"name":"sayah","@id":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/#\/schema\/person\/3a775bd141861fb244023b4b477654de"},"headline":"\u0645\u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u06cc\u0626\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641\u0647","datePublished":"2026-06-01T02:08:03+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/trial-by-jury\/"},"wordCount":3118,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/trial-by-jury\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/11\/trial-jury-black-man-woman-2.webp","articleSection":["level four"],"inLanguage":"fa-IR"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/trial-by-jury\/","url":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/trial-by-jury\/","name":"\u0645\u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u06cc\u0626\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641\u0647 - \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/trial-by-jury\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/trial-by-jury\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/11\/trial-jury-black-man-woman-2.webp","datePublished":"2026-06-01T02:08:03+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/#\/schema\/person\/3a775bd141861fb244023b4b477654de"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/trial-by-jury\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fa-IR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/trial-by-jury\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fa-IR","@id":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/trial-by-jury\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/11\/trial-jury-black-man-woman-2.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/11\/trial-jury-black-man-woman-2.webp","width":340,"height":226},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/trial-by-jury\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647","item":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u0645\u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u06cc\u0626\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641\u0647"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/#website","url":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/","name":"\u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc","description":"\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u060c \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fa-IR"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/#\/schema\/person\/3a775bd141861fb244023b4b477654de","name":"sayah","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fa-IR","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/42c14c160d70f60ee5c54f2f9675328426f18554e8ce1374796e765ed2dbebf4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/42c14c160d70f60ee5c54f2f9675328426f18554e8ce1374796e765ed2dbebf4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/42c14c160d70f60ee5c54f2f9675328426f18554e8ce1374796e765ed2dbebf4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"sayah"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation"],"url":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/author\/sayah\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20507","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20507"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20507\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/53975"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20507"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20507"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20507"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}