{"id":20534,"date":"2026-06-01T02:13:07","date_gmt":"2026-06-01T02:13:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/beta.salamzaban.com\/?p=20534"},"modified":"2026-06-01T02:13:07","modified_gmt":"2026-06-01T02:13:07","slug":"business-ethics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/business-ethics\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u06a9\u0633\u0628 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u06a9\u0633\u0628 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n

\"Business<\/p>\n

\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Business Ethics<\/h3>\n

What do business and ethics have to do with each other? Business is about making profits. Ethics is about right and wrong. How are they connected? Well, business ethics is the study of right and wrong as applied to business actions.<\/p>\n

Some businessmen would say that there is no need for business ethics. If we don’t break the laws of the country, we have nothing to worry about. However, we can do many bad things without breaking laws. In some countries, it would be legal for a businessman to pollute <\/strong>the land, sea and air, to confine<\/strong> his workers to barracks<\/strong> and to hire children to work in factories. But, these things may not be right. On the other hand, it may be illegal for a businessman to do some good things. For example, his society may expect him to treat people unequally and discriminate <\/strong>against some ethnic or religious groups.<\/p>\n

In order to know what is right or wrong, we need a moral rule. This rule does not come from business itself, but from ethics. So we need a statement of what we believe to be right. The American Declaration <\/strong>of Independence in 1776 states an ethical principle: “We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal\u2026.” The Declaration further tells us that all men have a right to “\u2026life, liberty and the pursuit <\/strong>of happiness.” Principles such as these can be used in American politics and law to decide whether an action is right or wrong.<\/p>\n

Many companies have their own ethical guidelines. IBM, for example, outline<\/strong>s its corporate <\/strong>ethics under headings such as, “Tips, Gifts and Entertainment,” “Accurate Reporting,” “Fair Competition,” and “Not boasting.” So each employee knows what to do or not to do in various situations.<\/p>\n

Ethical choices are made on three levels. Individuals, by companies and by societies, make them. An individual might choose whether or not to accept a bribe<\/strong>. A company might decide whether or not to bribe government officials. A government or society might decide whether or not to outlaw<\/strong> bribery. Similar principles of right and wrong might be used at all three levels. For example, it might be decided that bribery is simply wrong in all situations. On the other hand, it might be decided to view the situation case by case. In other words, there is a strong ethical stand and a more tentative<\/strong> ethical stand.<\/p>\n

The strong ethical stand applies when you have a basic moral principle and apply it to all situations. For example, you might believe that it was always wrong to let workers handle hazardous <\/strong>substances without any protection. The weaker stand would consider whether it is legal to do so. If it is legal to let workers handle dangerous materials, and this conforms to social expectations, then the weak ethical stand would say, “No problem.” As long as the law is not broken, and no one strenuously <\/strong>objects, then everything is okay.<\/p>\n

However, in ethics there is a principle called the “moral minimum.” This principle means that you should never harm another person knowingly. The only exception would be to protect some other people, or yourself. So business ethics would say that the businessman who exposes his workers to hazardous chemicals is wrong. He is not practicing the moral minimum.<\/p>\n

\n
\n

pollute<\/p>\n

\"pollute\"
\nsource 1
\nto add dirty or harmful substances to land, air, water, etc. so that it is no longer pleasant or safe to use
\npollute something <\/strong>the exhaust fumes that are polluting our cities
\npollute something by\/with something <\/strong>The river has been polluted with toxic waste from local factories.
\na society polluted by racism<\/p>\n

Usage note: The environment<\/p>\n

Environmental damagecause\/contribute to <\/strong>climate change\/global warming
\nproduce<\/strong> pollution\/CO2\/greenhouse (gas) emissions
\ndamage\/destroy<\/strong> the environment\/a marine ecosystem\/the ozone layer\/coral reefs
\ndegrade<\/strong> ecosystems\/habitats\/the environment
\nharm<\/strong> the environment\/wildlife\/marine life
\nthreaten<\/strong> natural habitats\/coastal ecosystems\/a species with extinction
\ndeplete<\/strong> natural resources\/the ozone layer
\npollute<\/strong> rivers and lakes\/waterways\/the air\/the atmosphere\/the environment\/oceans
\ncontaminate<\/strong> groundwater\/the soil\/food\/crops
\nlog<\/strong> forests\/rainforests\/trees<\/p>\n

Protecting the environmentaddress\/combat\/tackle<\/strong> the threat\/effects\/impact of climate change
\nfight\/take action on\/reduce\/stop<\/strong> global warming
\nlimit\/curb\/control<\/strong> air\/water\/atmospheric\/environmental pollution
\ncut\/reduce<\/strong> pollution\/greenhouse gas emissions
\noffset<\/strong> carbon\/CO2 emissions
\nreduce <\/strong>(the size of) your carbon footprint
\nachieve\/promote<\/strong> sustainable development
\npreserve\/conserve <\/strong>biodiversity\/natural resources
\nprotect<\/strong> endangered species\/a coastal ecosystem
\nprevent\/stop <\/strong>soil erosion\/overfishing\/massive deforestation\/damage to ecosystems
\nraise <\/strong>awareness of environmental issues
\nsave <\/strong>the planet\/the rainforests\/an endangered species<\/p>\n

Energy and resourcesconserve\/save\/consume\/waste<\/strong> energy
\nmanage\/exploit\/be rich in<\/strong> natural resources
\ndump\/dispose of <\/strong>hazardous\/toxic\/nuclear waste
\ndispose of\/throw away<\/strong> litter\/(especially British English) rubbish\/(especially North American English) garbage\/(North American English) trash\/sewage
\nuse\/be made from <\/strong>recycled\/recyclable\/biodegradable material
\nrecycle<\/strong> bottles\/packaging\/paper\/plastic\/waste
\npromote\/encourage <\/strong>recycling\/sustainable development\/the use of renewable energy
\ndevelop\/invest in\/promote<\/strong> renewable energy
\nreduce <\/strong>your dependence\/reliance on fossil fuels
\nget\/obtain\/generate\/produce <\/strong>electricity from wind, solar and wave power\/renewable sources
\nbuild\/develop<\/strong> a (50-megawatt\/offshore) wind farm
\ninstall\/be fitted with\/be powered by<\/strong> solar panels<\/p>\n

source 2
\nto make air, water, soil etc dangerously dirty and not suitable for people to use:
\nbeaches polluted by raw sewage
\nThe factory pollutes the air and water.
\nheavily\/severely\/badly etc polluted <\/strong>The island has been seriously polluted by a copper mine.
\npollute something with something <\/strong>The rivers had been polluted with aluminium<\/p>\n

confine<\/p>\n

\"confine\"
\nsource 1
\nconfine somebody\/something to something [often passive]
\nto keep somebody\/something inside the limits of a particular activity, subject, area, etc.
\nSynonym:<\/strong> restrict
\nThe work will not be confined to the Glasgow area.
\nI will confine myself to looking at the period from 1900 to 1916.<\/p>\n

source 2
\nto keep someone or something within the limits of a particular activity or subject [= restrict]
\nconfine something to something <\/strong>The police cadet’s duties were confined to taking statements from the crowd.
\nWe confined our study to 10 cases.
\nconfine yourself to (doing) something <\/strong>Owen did not confine himself to writing only one type of poem.<\/p>\n

barracks<\/p>\n

\"barracks\"
\nsource 1
\na large building or group of buildings for soldiers to live in
\nan army barracks
\nThe troops were ordered back to barracks.<\/p>\n

source 2
\na building or group of buildings in which soldiers live<\/p>\n

discriminate<\/p>\n

\"discriminate\"
\nsource 1
\nto treat one person or group worse\/better than another in an unfair way
\ndiscriminate (against somebody)| discriminate (in favour of somebody) <\/strong>practices that discriminate against women and in favour of men
\ndiscriminate (on the grounds of something) <\/strong>It is illegal to discriminate on grounds of race, sex or religion.<\/p>\n

source 2
\nto treat a person or group differently from another in an unfair way
\ndiscriminate against <\/strong>Under federal law, it is illegal to discriminate against minorities and women.
\ndiscriminate on the grounds\/basis of something <\/strong>It was found that the company still discriminated on the basis of race in promotions.<\/p>\n

Declaration<\/p>\n

\"Declaration\"
\nsource 1
\nan official or formal statement, especially about the plans of a government or an organization; the act of making such a statement
\nto issue\/sign a declaration
\nthe declaration of war
\nthe Declaration of Independence (= of the United States)
\nThe declaration asked governments to consider introducing new environmental taxes.<\/p>\n

Usage note: statementcomment<\/strong>announcement<\/strong>remark<\/strong>declaration<\/strong>observation<\/strong>These are all words for something that you say or write, especially something that gives information or an opinion.
\nstatement<\/strong> something that you say or write that gives information or an opinion, often in a formal way: A government spokesperson made a statement to the press.
\ncomment <\/strong>something that you say or write that gives an opinion on something or is a response to a question about a particular situation: She made helpful comments on my work.
\nannouncement <\/strong>a spoken or written statement that informs people about something: the announcement of a peace agreement
\nremark <\/strong>something that you say or write that gives an opinion or thought about somebody\/something: He made a number of rude remarks about the food.
\ndeclaration <\/strong>(rather formal) an official or formal statement, especially one that states an intention, belief or feeling, or that gives information: the declaration of war
\nobservation <\/strong>(rather formal) a comment, especially one based on something you have seen, heard or read: He began by making a few general observations about the report.<\/p>\n

comment, remark or observation?A comment <\/strong>can be official or private. A remark <\/strong>can be made in public or private but is always unofficial and the speaker may not have considered it carefully. An observation <\/strong>is unofficial but is usually more considered than a remark.
\na(n) statement\/comment\/announcement\/remark\/declaration\/observation about <\/strong>something
\na(n) statement\/comment\/observation on <\/strong>something
\na(n) public\/official <\/strong>statement\/comment\/announcement\/declaration
\nto make <\/strong>a(n) statement\/comment\/announcement\/remark\/declaration\/observation
\nto issue <\/strong>a(n) statement\/announcement\/declaration<\/p>\n

source 2
\nan important official statement about a particular situation or plan, or the act of making this statement:
\na ceasefire declaration
\nUnder Islamic law it was possible to divorce by simple declaration.
\ndeclaration of <\/strong>the declaration of war<\/p>\n

pursuit<\/p>\n

\"pursuit\"
\nsource 1
\nthe act of looking for or trying to find something
\nthe pursuit of happiness\/knowledge\/profit
\nShe travelled the world in pursuit of her dreams.<\/p>\n

source 2
\nwhen someone tries to get, achieve, or find something in a determined way [\u21aa pursue]
\npursuit of <\/strong>the pursuit of liberty and happiness
\nthe pursuit of war criminals
\nin (the) pursuit of something <\/strong>People are having to move to other areas in pursuit of work.<\/p>\n

outline<\/p>\n

\"outline\"
\nsource 1
\n\u00a0outline something (to somebody)| outline what, how, etc\u2026<\/strong>
\nto give a description of the main facts or points involved in something
\nSynonym: <\/strong>sketch
\nWe outlined our proposals to the committee.<\/p>\n

source 2
\nto describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details:
\nThe new president outlined plans to deal with crime, drugs, and education.<\/p>\n

corporate<\/p>\n

\"corporate\"
\nsource 1
\nconnected with a corporation
\ncorporate finance\/planning\/strategy<\/strong>corporate identity<\/strong> (= the image of a company, that all its members share)
\ncorporate hospitality <\/strong>(= when companies entertain customers to help develop good business relationships)<\/p>\n

source 2
\nbelonging to or relating to a corporation:
\nThe company is moving its corporate headquarters (=main offices) from New York to Houston.
\nVince is vice-president of corporate communications.
\nCorporate America is not about to be converted to the environmentalist cause.
\nchanging the corporate culture (=the way that people in a corporation think and behave) to accept family-friendly policies
\nan advertising campaign intended to reinforce our corporate identity (=the way a company presents itself to the public)
\nthe yacht can be hired for corporate hospitality (=entertainment provided by companies for their customers)<\/p>\n

bribe<\/p>\n

\"bribe\"
\nsource 1
\na sum of money or something valuable that you give or offer to somebody to persuade them to help you, especially by doing something dishonest
\nIt was alleged that he had taken bribes while in office.
\nShe had been offered a $50000 bribe to drop the charges.<\/p>\n

Usage note: Crime<\/p>\n

Committing a crimecommit <\/strong>a crime\/a murder\/a violent assault\/a brutal killing\/an armed robbery\/fraud
\nbe involved in <\/strong>terrorism\/a suspected arson attack\/people smuggling\/human trafficking
\nengage\/participate in <\/strong>criminal activity\/illegal practices\/acts of mindless vandalism
\nsteal <\/strong>somebody’s wallet\/purse\/(British English) mobile phone\/(North American English) cell phone
\nrob <\/strong>a bank\/a person\/a tourist
\nbreak into<\/strong>\/(British English) burgle<\/strong>\/(North American English) burglarize<\/strong> a house\/a home\/an apartment
\nhijack<\/strong> a plane\/ship\/bus
\nsmuggle<\/strong> drugs\/weapons\/arms\/immigrants
\nlaunder <\/strong>drug money (through something)
\nforge<\/strong> documents\/certificates\/passports
\ntake\/accept\/pay somebody\/offer (somebody) <\/strong>a bribe
\nrun <\/strong>a phishing\/an email\/an Internet scam<\/p>\n

Fighting crimecombat\/fight <\/strong>crime\/terrorism\/corruption\/drug trafficking
\nprevent\/stop <\/strong>credit-card fraud\/child abuse\/software piracy
\ndeter\/stop<\/strong> criminals\/burglars\/thieves\/shoplifters\/vandals
\nreduce\/tackle\/crack <\/strong>down on knife\/gun\/violent\/street crime; (especially British English) antisocial behaviour
\nfoil<\/strong> a bank raid\/a terrorist plot
\nhelp\/support\/protect <\/strong>the victims of crime<\/p>\n

Investigating crimereport <\/strong>a crime\/a theft\/a rape\/an attack\/(especially British English) an incident to the police
\nwitness <\/strong>the crime\/attack\/murder\/incident
\ninvestigate<\/strong> a murder\/(especially North American English) a homicide\/a burglary\/a robbery\/the alleged incident
\nconduct\/launch\/pursue<\/strong> an investigation (into\u2026); (especially British English) a police\/murder inquiry
\ninvestigate\/reopen<\/strong> a criminal\/murder case
\nexamine\/investigate\/find fingerprints at <\/strong>the crime scene\/the scene of crime
\ncollect\/gather forensic evidence
\nuncover<\/strong> new evidence\/a fraud\/a scam\/a plot\/a conspiracy\/political corruption\/a cache of weapons
\ndescribe\/identify <\/strong>a suspect\/the culprit\/the perpetrator\/the assailant\/the attacker
\nquestion\/interrogate <\/strong>a suspect\/witness
\nsolve\/crack<\/strong> the case<\/p>\n

source 2
\nmoney or a gift that you illegally give someone to persuade them to do something for you:
\nThe officials said that they had been offered bribes before an important game.
\naccept\/take a bribe <\/strong>A Supreme Court judge was charged with taking bribes.<\/p>\n

outlaw<\/p>\n

\"outlaw\"
\nsource 1
\nto make something illegal
\nSynonym: <\/strong>ban
\nplans to outlaw the carrying of knives
\nthe outlawed nationalist party<\/p>\n

source 2
\nto completely stop something by making it illegal:
\nThe bill would have outlawed several types of guns.<\/p>\n

tentative<\/p>\n

\"tentative\"
\nsource 1
\nnot definite or certain because you may want to change it later
\nWe made a tentative arrangement to meet on Friday.
\ntentative conclusions<\/p>\n

source 2
\nnot definite or certain, and may be changed later [= provisional; \u2260 definite]:
\nI passed on my tentative conclusions to the police.
\nThe government is taking tentative steps towards tackling the country’s economic problems.<\/p>\n

hazardous<\/p>\n

\"hazardous\"
\nsource 1
\ninvolving risk or danger, especially to somebody’s health or safety
\nhazardous waste\/chemicals
\na hazardous journey
\nIt would be hazardous to invest so much.
\na list of products that are potentially hazardous to health<\/p>\n

source 2
\ndangerous, especially to people’s health or safety
\nhazardous to <\/strong>The chemicals in paint can be hazardous to health.
\nthe disposal of hazardous waste
\nsimilar words:<\/strong> hazardous, risky, treacherous, perilous literary<\/p>\n

strenuously<\/p>\n

\"strenuous\"
\nsource 1
\nstrenuous:<\/strong>\u00a0showing great energy and determination
\nThe ship went down although strenuous efforts were made to save it.
\nThe plan has met with strenuous opposition.
\nstrenuously adverb<\/strong>He still works out strenuously every morning.
\nThe government strenuously denies the allegations<\/p>\n

source 2
\nneeding a lot of effort or strength:
\na strenuous climb
\nThe doctor advised Ken to avoid strenuous exercise.
\nstrenuously adverb: <\/strong>Barrett strenuously denied rumors that he would resign<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u06a9\u0633\u0628 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc Business Ethics What do business and ethics have to do with each other? Business is about making profits. Ethics is about right and wrong. How are they connected? Well, business ethics is the study of right and wrong as applied to business actions. Some businessmen would say… \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u06a9\u0633\u0628 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20533,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20534","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-level-four"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u06a9\u0633\u0628 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 - \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/business-ethics\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fa_IR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u06a9\u0633\u0628 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 - \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u06a9\u0633\u0628 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc Business Ethics What do business and ethics have to do with each other? Business is about making profits. Ethics is about right and wrong. How are they connected? Well, business ethics is the study of right and wrong as applied to business actions. 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Business is about making profits. Ethics is about right and wrong. How are they connected? Well, business ethics is the study of right and wrong as applied to business actions. 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