{"id":6798,"date":"2026-06-01T02:14:14","date_gmt":"2026-06-01T02:14:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/beta.salamzaban.com\/?p=6798"},"modified":"2026-06-01T02:14:14","modified_gmt":"2026-06-01T02:14:14","slug":"sir-geoffrey-howe-resignation-speech-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/sir-geoffrey-howe-resignation-speech-1\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0633\u0631 \u062c\u0641\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u0648: ‘\u0633\u062e\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0641\u0627 1"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0633\u0631 \u062c\u0641\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u0648: ‘\u0633\u062e\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0641\u0627 1<\/p>\n

\"Sir<\/p>\n

\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Sir Geoffrey Howe: ‘resignation speech’ (1)<\/h3>\n

As long ago as 1962 it was Lord Stockton, formerly Harold Macmillan, who first put the central point clearly. He argued that we had to place and keep ourselves within the Community. He saw it as essential then as it is today not to cut ourselves off from the realities of power, not to retreat into a ghetto of sentimentality about our past and so diminish <\/strong>our control over our own destiny in the future. The pity is that the Macmillan view had not been perceived more clearly a decade before in the fifties. It would have spared so many of the struggles of the past twenty years had we been in the Community from the outset, had we been ready, in the much too simple phrase, to surrender some sovereignty<\/strong> at a much earlier stage. Had we been in from the start we should have had more not less influence over the Europe in which we live today.<\/p>\n

We should never forget the lesson of that isolation, of being on the outside looking in, for the conduct of today’s affairs. We have done best when we have seen the Community not as a static entity to be resisted and contained, but as an active process which we can shape often decisively <\/strong>provided we allow ourselves to be fully engaged in it with confidence and enthusiasm and in good faith. We must at all costs avoid presenting ourselves yet again with an over-simplified choice, a false antithesis, a bogus dilemma<\/strong>, between one alternative starkly <\/strong>labelled ‘cooperation between independent sovereign states’ and a second equally crudely<\/strong> labelled alternative ‘a centralized federal super-state’ as if there were no middle way in between<\/p>\n

We commit a serious error if we think always in terms of surrendering sovereignty and seek to stand pat for all time on a given deal by proclaiming, as the prime minister did two weeks ago, that we have surrendered enough. The European enterprise is not and should not be seen like that, as some kind of zero sum gain. Sir Winston Churchill put it much more positively forty years ago when he said: ‘Is it not possible and not less agreeable to regard this sacrifice or merger<\/strong> of national sovereignty as the gradual assumption by all the nations concerned of that larger sovereignty which can alone protect their diverse and distinctive customs and characteristics and their national traditions?’ I find Winston Churchill’s perception a good deal more convincing and encouraging for the interests of our nation than the nightmare image sometimes conjure<\/strong>d up<\/strong> by the prime minister who sometimes seems to look out on a Continent that is positively teeming with ill-intentioned people scheming, in her words, to extinguish<\/strong> democracy, to dissolve our national identity, to lead us through the back door into a federal Europe.<\/p>\n

\n
\n

diminish verb
\nto become or make something become smaller or less\u00a0 SYN\u00a0<\/strong>reduce :<\/p>\n

The party\u2019s share of the electorate has diminished steadily.
\nThese drugs diminish blood flow to the brain.
\nThe world’s resources are rapidly diminishing.
\nHis influence has diminished with time.
\nOur efforts were producing diminishing returns (= we achieved less although we spent more time or money).
\nHe has done nothing to diminish the demands before the start of a professional career.
\nFor this very reason, though, inequality among nations diminishes too.
\nUnfortunately, the payoffs diminish as the story wears on.
\nThose who were selfish and well-connected saw their reputation diminish.
\nHowever, they stressed it did not diminish their support for the international air campaign.
\nHowever, this casual attitude does not diminish the utility of the tiny tome.
\nOf course, the fact should be kept in mind that these are air tanks, not to be used so as to appreciably diminish their buoyancy.
\nAlready, the nation had diminished in population and territory.
\nSuch carelessness can only diminish the book’s credibility.
\nDisruptions of any kind diminish the learning process.<\/p>\n

sovereignty noun
\nthe power that an independent country has to govern itself :<\/p>\n

the defence of our national sovereignty
\nThe country claimed sovereignty over the island.
\nthe sovereignty of Parliament
\n(figurative) the idea of consumer sovereignty<\/p>\n

decisively adjective
\n1 an action, event etc that is decisive has a big effect on the way that something develops<\/p>\n

decisive factor\/effect\/influence etc
\nWomen can\u00a0 play a decisive role\u00a0 in the debate over cloning.
\ndecisive action\/steps
\nWe will\u00a0 take decisive steps\u00a0 towards political union with Europe.
\nClimate was a decisive factor in establishing where the tournament should be held.
\nShe has played a decisive role in the peace negotiations.
\na decisive step (= an important action that will change a situation) towards a cleaner environment
\n2 definite and clear in a way that leaves no doubt\u00a0 OPP\u00a0 indecisive
\ndecisive victory\/result\/defeat etc
\nThe answer was a decisive no.
\ndecisive management
\nThe government must take decisive action on gun control.
\ndecisively <\/strong>adverb :
\nYet again, we have failed to\u00a0 act decisively .<\/p>\n

—<\/p>\n

bogus
\nnot true or real, although someone is trying to make you think it is\u00a0 SYN\u00a0 false :<\/p>\n

bogus insurance claims
\nbogus applications for asylum
\na bogus doctor\/contract
\nbogus claims of injury by workers<\/p>\n

dilemma noun
\na situation in which it is very difficult to decide what to do, because all the choices seem equally good or equally bad :<\/p>\n

a moral dilemma
\nin a dilemma
\nI\u2019m in a dilemma about this job offer.
\nThis placed Robert Kennedy in a dilemma .
\nMany women are faced with the dilemma of choosing between work and family commitments.
\n\u2192 be on the horns of a dilemma at horn 1 ( 6 )
\nto face a dilemma
\nto be in a dilemma
\nI’m pretty new and want to really delve into this game but I have a dilemma.
\nSometimes it takes a small, focused company to solve a vexing design dilemma.
\nSo we are still facing the dilemma.
\nHe carried the dilemma of whether to intrude or not to intrude.
\nThe dilemma arises, however, when we attempt to implement these fundamental constitutional principles.
\nBut it also posed a real safety dilemma.
\nIn addition, her dilemma regarding a friendship with her neighbor Ruth is never resolved.
\nPious statements, high-sounding resolutions, and dire warnings do not solve our dilemma.
\nThis is a dilemma and it can’t be solved.
\nWorking at home presents a different kind of dilemma.<\/p>\n

starkly<\/p>\n

stark adjective
\n1<\/strong>very plain in appearance, with little or no colour or decoration\u00a0:<\/p>\n

In the cold dawn light, the castle looked stark and forbidding.
\nthe stark beauty of New Mexico
\nI think white would be too stark for the bedroom.
\nThe hills stood stark against the winter sky.<\/p>\n

2unpleasantly clear and impossible to avoid\u00a0 SYN<\/strong>\u00a0 harsh :<\/p>\n

The movie shows the stark realities of life in the ghetto.
\nThe extreme poverty of the local people is in\u00a0 stark contrast\u00a0 to the wealth of the tourists.
\nWe are faced with a\u00a0 stark choice .
\na\u00a0 stark reminder\u00a0 of life under Communist rule
\nThe author paints a stark picture of life in a prison camp.
\na stark choice
\nThe remains of the building stand as a stark reminder of the fire.
\nHe now faces the stark reality of life in prison.
\nThe stark fact is that even with more time, we still couldn’t raise enough money.
\nstark differences
\nSocial divisions in the city are stark.
\nThe good weather was in stark contrast to the storms of previous weeks.<\/p>\n

starkly \u00a0adverb
\nThe interior is starkly simple.
\nThe lighthouse stood out starkly against the dark sky.
\nWe are starkly aware of the risks.
\nThese theories contrast starkly with the reality of everyday life.<\/p>\n

crudely<\/p>\n

crude adjective
\n1<\/strong>not exact or without any detail, but generally correct and useful\u00a0 \u2192\u00a0 approximate :
\na crude estimate of the population available for work<\/p>\n

2not developed to a high standard, or made with little skill :
\na crude wooden bridge
\ncrude workmanship<\/p>\n

crudelyadverb :
\ncrudely built shacks
\na crudely drawn ship
\nTo put it crudely, the poor are going without food so that the rich can drive cars.<\/p>\n

merger noun
\nthe joining together of two or more companies or organizations to form one larger one<\/p>\n

merger of\/between
\na proposed merger between two of the largest software companies
\nmerger with <\/strong>
\nThere has been a lot of talk about a merger with another leading bank.
\nmerger negotiations
\na merger between the two banks
\nour proposed merger with the university<\/p>\n

conjure something \u2194 up phrasal verb
\nto bring a thought, picture, idea, or memory to someone\u2019s mind<\/p>\n

conjure up images\/pictures\/thoughts etc (of something)
\nDieting always seems to conjure up images of endless salads.
\nThat smell always conjures up memories of holidays in France.
\nHe strained to conjure up her face and voice, but they had vanished.<\/p>\n

extinguish verb formal
\nto make an idea or feeling stop :
\nAll hope was almost extinguished.
\nNews of the bombing extinguished all hope of peace.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0633\u0631 \u062c\u0641\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u0648: ‘\u0633\u062e\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0641\u0627 1 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc Sir Geoffrey Howe: ‘resignation speech’ (1) As long ago as 1962 it was Lord Stockton, formerly Harold Macmillan, who first put the central point clearly. He argued that we had to place and keep ourselves within the Community. He saw it as essential… \u0633\u0631 \u062c\u0641\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u0648: ‘\u0633\u062e\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0641\u0627 1<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6797,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6798","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-level-five"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0633\u0631 \u062c\u0641\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u0648: '\u0633\u062e\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0641\u0627 1 - \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/sir-geoffrey-howe-resignation-speech-1\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fa_IR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0633\u0631 \u062c\u0641\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u0648: '\u0633\u062e\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0641\u0627 1 - \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0633\u0631 \u062c\u0641\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u0648: ‘\u0633\u062e\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0641\u0627 1 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc Sir Geoffrey Howe: ‘resignation speech’ (1) As long ago as 1962 it was Lord Stockton, formerly Harold Macmillan, who first put the central point clearly. He argued that we had to place and keep ourselves within the Community. He saw it as essential… \u0633\u0631 \u062c\u0641\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u0648: ‘\u0633\u062e\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0641\u0627 1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/conversation\/sir-geoffrey-howe-resignation-speech-1\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-06-01T02:14:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"sayah\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0633\u062a\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"sayah\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/salamzaban.com\\\/conversation\\\/sir-geoffrey-howe-resignation-speech-1\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/salamzaban.com\\\/conversation\\\/sir-geoffrey-howe-resignation-speech-1\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"sayah\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/salamzaban.com\\\/conversation\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/3a775bd141861fb244023b4b477654de\"},\"headline\":\"\u0633\u0631 \u062c\u0641\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u0648: ‘\u0633\u062e\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0641\u0627 1\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-01T02:14:14+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/salamzaban.com\\\/conversation\\\/sir-geoffrey-howe-resignation-speech-1\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1482,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/salamzaban.com\\\/conversation\\\/sir-geoffrey-howe-resignation-speech-1\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"\",\"articleSection\":[\"level five\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fa-IR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/salamzaban.com\\\/conversation\\\/sir-geoffrey-howe-resignation-speech-1\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/salamzaban.com\\\/conversation\\\/sir-geoffrey-howe-resignation-speech-1\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u0633\u0631 \u062c\u0641\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u0648: '\u0633\u062e\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0641\u0627 1 - 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