{"id":15990,"date":"2026-06-01T09:34:42","date_gmt":"2026-06-01T09:34:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/learning.salamzaban.com\/?post_type=entry&p=15990"},"modified":"2026-06-01T09:34:42","modified_gmt":"2026-06-01T09:34:42","slug":"%d9%86%d9%82%d9%84-%d9%82%d9%88%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/learning\/%d9%86%d9%82%d9%84-%d9%82%d9%88%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\u0646\u0642\u0644<\/a><\/p>\n

\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0627 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645<\/strong> \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u0645\u00a0 \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc (direct\/quoted speech )<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0634 \u0647\u0645 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0633 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u06af\u06cc\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644”…” \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645. \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0639\u06a9\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n

He said,” I need some money.”<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0648 \u06af\u0641\u062a: \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0645.<\/p>\n

“I need some money,” he said.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0648 \u06af\u0641\u062a: \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0645.<\/p>\n

“The beach is the best place to go,” he said.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0648 \u06af\u0641\u062a: “\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a.”<\/p>\n

“The beach is the best place to go,” he told me.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u06af\u0641\u062a: “\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a.”<\/p>\n

“I\u2019m sorry to be late,” Ann told Sarah.<\/p>\n

\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u06af\u0641\u062a: “\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0645.”<\/p>\n

\n

\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc <\/strong>indirect\/reported speech<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u062f\u0631 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u06af\u06cc\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645. \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 that \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a that \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc “\u06a9\u0647” \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f that\u00a0 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n

Ahmad told him he liked that car.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u06af\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n

My teacher told me that I had to work hard.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u06af\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0645.<\/p>\n

They said it was a great haircut.<\/p>\n

\u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f(said\/told) \u0628\u0639\u0636\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0642\u06cc\u062f \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0647\u0631\u06af\u0632 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

He said that the car was red.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

He said, \u201cthe car is red.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

She said that she was going to the restaurant.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u201cI\u2019m going to the restaurant,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

He said he had found his keys.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u201cI found my keys,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

She told him that she had heard the news.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

She told him, \u201cI\u2019ve heard the news.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 (modal) \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

He said that he would stay with us.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

He said,\u201d I will stay with you.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Would<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Will<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

She told me that she could speak English.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

She told me, \u201cI can speak English.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Could<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Can<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

She said that the storm might last all night.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

She said, \u201cthe storm may last all night.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Might<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

May<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

My mother said I had to clean the kitchen.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

My mother said, \u201cI must clean the kitchen.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Had to<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Must<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f (told\/said) \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u062e \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

My mom told me I ought to come home.<\/p>\n

He said that he should have gone.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u201cYou ought to come home,\u201d my mom told me.<\/p>\n

\u201cI should have gone\u201d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Should, could, might, ought to<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

He said that he had got home before noon.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

He said, \u201cI had gotten home before noon.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

She told me if she left, she would call me.<\/p>\n

He said that if he had known, he would have told me.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u201cIf I left, I would call you,\u201d she told me.<\/p>\n

\u201cIf I had known, I would have told you,\u201d Said he.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0634\u0631\u0637\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647(\u0634\u0631\u0637\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0645)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0642\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644<\/span> \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

then<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

now<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

That day<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Today<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

The next day<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Tomorrow<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

The day before<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Yesterday<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

That week\/ month\/ year<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

This week\/ month\/ year<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

The week\/ month\/ year before<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Last week\/ month\/ year<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

The following week\/ month\/ year<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Next week\/ month\/ year<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

She told me she had written the letter the day before.
\nMy father said he was going to the airport the next day.
\nThe teacher said we had to hand in our works the fallowing month.
\nSam said that if I\u2019d had time, I would have come with us that day.<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 here \u0648 this \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

Here : there<\/strong>
\nThis : that<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cThis is very nice.\u201d
\nHe said that was very nice.<\/p>\n

\u201cI\u2019ll meet you here,\u201d She said.
\nShe said that she would meet me there.<\/p>\n

\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647<\/strong><\/span>: \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0648 \u0642\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

Maryam told Mahdi: I like your books.
\nMaryam told Mahdi that she liked his books.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0641) \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0647 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f:<\/strong><\/p>\n

-I don\u2019t like to read your books.
\n-what did you say?
\n-I said I don\u2019t like to read them.
\n\u06cc\u0627
\n-I said I didn\u2019t like to read them.<\/p>\n

\u0628) \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/h4>\n

My mother said my uncle is going to teach me.
\n\u06cc\u0627
\nMy mother said my uncle was going to teach me.<\/p>\n

\u062c) \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06cc \u062d\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0642 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/h4>\n

Ali told me Sa\u2019di is famous in Iran.
\n\u06cc\u0627
\nAli told me Sa\u2019di was famous in Iran.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n

Ann: I have breakfast every day.
\nAnn says she has breakfast every day.
\nNot Ann says she had <\/span>breakfast every day.<\/p>\n

\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647:<\/strong><\/span> \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u060c\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

Many workers report<\/strong> that they don\u2019t have <\/strong>free time during the day.<\/p>\n

\n

\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0648\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645<\/span>
\n\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0644(\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0644+to) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/h3>\n

\u201cPoint to the door,\u201d said the teacher.
\nThe teacher said to point to the door.
\nThe teacher told me to pint to the window.<\/p>\n

\u201cCould you please give me your pen?\u201d
\nShe asked me to give her my pen.<\/p>\n

“Would you like to join us for dinner?”
\nThey invited me to join them for dinner.<\/p>\n

\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 + not <\/span>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u201cDon\u2019t clean up my desk.\u201d
\nHe asked me not to clean up his desk.<\/p>\n

\u201cDon\u2019t stay up late at night\u201d
\nMy dad told me not to stay up late at night.<\/p>\n

\u201cPlease don\u2019t be late\u201d
\nDan asked me not to be late.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 if \u06cc\u0627 whether \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 yes\/no questions:<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u201cCan you bring me some coffee?\u201d she asked?
\nShe asked if I could bring her some coffee.<\/p>\n

\u201cDo you know how to learn a foreign language?\u201d
\nShe asked if I known how to learn a foreign language.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 do, does, did, to be, can, should,\u2026 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 if \u06cc\u0627 whether \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0642\u06cc\u062f \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647:<\/strong><\/span> whether \u0627\u0632 if \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 whether or not \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n

My mother wants to know whether you\u2019ll come for dinner.
\nShe wanted to know whether or not you would come for dinner.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645:<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0628\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634\u06cc(what, why,..) \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 if \u0648 whether \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u201cWhat is your name?\u201d
\nShe asked me what my name was.<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06af\u0631 \u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631does, do, did \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u201cWhat did you say?\u201d
\nHe told me what I had said.<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645.<\/h4>\n

\u201cI don\u2019t know who our teacher is.\u201d
\nHe said he didn\u2019t know who our teacher was.<\/p>\n

\u201cWhere is your home?\u201d I asked.
\nI asked where his\/her home was.<\/p>\n

\u201cDo you know how to use this program?\u201d
\nShe asked whether I knew how to use this program.<\/p>\n

\u201cDo the homework\u201d said the teacher.
\nThe teacher said to do the homework.<\/p>\n

She strongly advised her,\u201d do not smoke.\u201d
\nShe strongly advised her not to smoke.<\/p>\n

My father always told me that time is money.<\/p>\n

\u201cDon\u2019t get angry while commuting,\u201d he told her.
\nHe told her not to get angry while commuting.<\/p>\n

\u201cDon\u2019t be so sensitive,\u201d my sister advised me.
\nMy sister advised me not to be so sensitive.<\/p>\n

She told me that Jack is still living at home.
\nHe said that if he had the money, he would travel, but that he is\/ was a little short of cash.
\nHe just said that he can\u2019t understand you.
\nDan said that he\u2019s going to the United States next month.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0698\u0647 just \u062f\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/h3>\n

\u201cDo you have an extra pen?\u201d my friend just asked me.
\nMy friend just said if I have an extra pen.<\/p>\n

\u201cI\u2019m really sick and I\u2019m having headaches.\u201d
\nHe said he was really sick and that he was having headaches.<\/p>\n

\u201cMy headache was getting worse all the time, so I went to the doctor.\u201d
\nHe told me his headache had been getting worse, so he had gone to the doctor.<\/p>\n

\u201cI hadn\u2019t finished it\u201d
\nHe said he hadn\u2019t finished it.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0647 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u067e\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0632<\/a><\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627
\n\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0627 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":53711,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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