{"id":1087,"date":"2026-06-01T02:15:12","date_gmt":"2026-06-01T02:15:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/word\/?p=1087"},"modified":"2026-06-01T02:15:12","modified_gmt":"2026-06-01T02:15:12","slug":"%d8%a2%d8%a8%d8%b4%d8%b4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/word\/%d8%a2%d8%a8%d8%b4%d8%b4\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 data-sourcepos=\"1:1-1:30\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-sourcepos=\"5:1-5:154\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 &#8220;\u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634&#8221; \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc &#8220;<strong>gill<\/strong>&#8221; \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0628\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0633\u062e\u062a \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"11:1-14:0\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"12:1-12:126\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Ctenidium<\/span>:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0628\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 data-sourcepos=\"3:1-3:12\"><strong>1. <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Gill<\/span>:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"5:1-8:0\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"5:1-5:16\"><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634<\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"6:1-8:0\"><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/strong>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"7:5-8:0\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"7:5-8:0\">Fish breathe through gills. (\u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 data-sourcepos=\"9:1-9:17\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>2. Branchiae:<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"11:1-14:0\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"11:1-11:73\"><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634 (\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f)<\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"12:1-14:0\"><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/strong>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"13:5-14:0\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"13:5-14:0\">Crabs have branchiae for respiration. (\u062e\u0631\u0686\u0646\u06af \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 data-sourcepos=\"15:1-15:17\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">3<\/span>. <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Operculum<\/span>:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"17:1-20:0\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"17:1-17:71\"><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc:<\/strong>\u00a0\u067e\u0648\u0634 \u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634 (\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0627\u0646\u062f)<\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"18:1-20:0\"><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/strong>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"19:5-20:0\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"19:5-20:0\">The operculum protects the gills from damage. (\u067e\u0648\u0634 \u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 data-sourcepos=\"21:1-21:21\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>4. Gill filament:<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"23:1-26:0\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"23:1-23:21\"><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634<\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"24:1-26:0\"><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/strong>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"25:5-26:0\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"25:5-26:0\">Oxygen is extracted from water by the gill filaments. (\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u0698\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 data-sourcepos=\"27:1-27:18\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>5. Gill raker:<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"29:1-32:0\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"29:1-29:104\"><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc:<\/strong> \u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634 \u06cc\u0627 \u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06cc (\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u063a\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f)<\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"30:1-32:0\"><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/strong>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"31:5-32:0\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"31:5-32:0\">Gill rakers prevent large particles from entering the digestive system. (\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u06af\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 data-sourcepos=\"33:1-33:17\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>6. Gill slit:<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"35:1-38:0\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"35:1-35:21\"><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0641 \u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634<\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"36:1-38:0\"><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/strong>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"37:5-38:0\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"37:5-38:0\">Water enters the fish&#8217;s body through the gill slits. (\u0622\u0628 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 data-sourcepos=\"39:1-39:17\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>7. Gill arch:<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"41:1-44:0\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"41:1-41:20\"><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634<\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"42:1-44:0\"><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/strong>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"43:5-44:0\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"43:5-44:0\">The gill arches support the gills. (\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 data-sourcepos=\"45:1-45:30\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>8. Respiratory epithelium:<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"47:1-50:0\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"47:1-47:70\"><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u067e\u06cc\u062a\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u06cc (\u0628\u0627\u0641\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u06af\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f)<\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"48:1-50:0\"><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/strong>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"49:5-50:0\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"49:5-50:0\">The respiratory epithelium is very thin to allow for efficient gas exchange. (\u0627\u067e\u06cc\u062a\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u06af\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0632\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 data-sourcepos=\"51:1-51:27\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>9. Countercurrent flow:<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"53:1-56:0\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"53:1-53:111\"><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc:<\/strong>\u00a0\u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 (\u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0622\u0628 \u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u06af\u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f)<\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"54:1-56:0\"><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/strong>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"55:5-56:0\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"55:5-56:0\">Countercurrent flow allows for maximum oxygen extraction from water. (\u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u0698\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0628 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 data-sourcepos=\"57:1-57:30\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>10. Branchial circulation:<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"59:1-62:0\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"59:1-59:89\"><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc:<\/strong>\u00a0\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634\u06cc (\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062f)<\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"60:1-62:0\"><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/strong>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"61:5-62:0\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"61:5-62:0\">The branchial circulation delivers oxygen to the body&#8217;s tissues. (\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u0698\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1439\" src=\"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/word\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/\u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634-\u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc-\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/word\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/\u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634-\u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc-\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/word\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/\u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634-\u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc-\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/word\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/\u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634-\u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc-\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/word\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/\u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634-\u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc-\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/word\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/\u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634-\u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc-\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 data-sourcepos=\"12:1-12:22\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634<\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-sourcepos=\"14:1-14:83\">\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc &#8220;\u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634&#8221; \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647:<\/p>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"16:1-19:0\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"16:1-16:158\"><strong>\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 &#8220;gill&#8221; \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 &#8220;branchia&#8221; \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"17:1-17:153\"><strong>\u0644\u062d\u0646:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 &#8220;gill&#8221; \u06cc\u0627 &#8220;branchia&#8221; \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 &#8220;gills&#8221; \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"18:1-19:0\"><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 &#8220;branchia&#8221; \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 &#8220;gill&#8221; \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 data-sourcepos=\"20:1-20:46\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"22:1-26:0\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"22:1-22:111\"><strong>The fish used its gills to breathe underwater.<\/strong>\u00a0(\u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0622\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0631\u062f.)<\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"23:1-23:140\"><strong>The branchiae of the shark were covered with a protective layer of mucus.<\/strong>\u00a0(\u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f.)<\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"24:1-24:106\"><strong>The fish had four pairs of gills on each side of its body.<\/strong>\u00a0(\u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0641\u062a \u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a.)<\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"25:1-26:0\"><strong>The operculum of the fish opened and closed as it breathed.<\/strong>\u00a0(\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0686\u0647 \u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0648 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u062f.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 <a href=\"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/blog\/%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b9%d9%87-%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%af%db%8c-%d9%88-%d8%a2%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b4-%d8%b2%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%86%da%af%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%db%8c\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc<\/a> \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u067e\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/word.salamzaban.com\">\u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u00a0<\/a> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 &#8220;\u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634&#8221; \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc &#8220;gill&#8221; \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0628\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0633\u062e\u062a \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1439,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"off","neve_meta_content_width":70,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[101],"class_list":["post-1087","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-persian","tag-101"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634 - \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u062f\u0648 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc. \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639. \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/word\/\u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-06-01T02:15:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/salamzaban.com\/word\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/\u0622\u0628\u0634\u0634-\u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc-\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1080\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"kalame\" \/>\n<meta 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