Past Perfect Continuous

زمان گذشته کامل استمراری در انگلیسی

این زمان نشان می دهد که کاری در گذشته قبل از زمان گذشته دیگری شروع شده و تا آن زمان ادامه داشته است.

• They had been talkingfor over an hour before Tony arrived.

قبل از اینکه تونی برسه، یک ساعتی بود که آنها مشغول صحبت کردن بودند.

• She had been working at that company for three years when it went out of business.

وقتی شرکت ورشکت شد او سه سالی بود که آنجا مشغول کار بود.

• How long had you been waiting to get on the bus?

چقدر منتظر موندی تا سوار اتوبوس بشی؟

• Mike wanted to sit down because he had been standing all day at work.

مایک می خواست بشینه چون سر کار تمام طول روز سرپا ایستاده بود. ( دقت کنید برای ترجمه این زمان بیشتر اوقات از “مشغول” یا “داشت” ( داشت می خورد، مشغول نوشتن بود) اما گاهی برای روانی ترجمه به صورتهای دیگه هم این “تداوم کار در گذشته” رو بیان می کنیم. مثل این مورد)

• James had been teaching at the university for more than a year before he left for Asia.
• A: How long had you been studying Turkish before you moved to Ankara?
  B: I had not been studying Turkish very long.
• Jason was tired because he had been jogging.
• Sam gained weight because he had been overeating.
• Betty failed the final test because she had not been attendingclass.

طرز شناختن زمان گذشته کامل استمراری در انگلیسی

عیناً مانند ماضی بعید است با این تفاوت که افعال در حالت استمراری می باشند و گاهی زمان انجام کار نیز ذکر می شود.

طرز ساختن زمان گذشته کامل استمراری در انگلیسی

طرز منفی و سوالی کردن گذشته کامل استمراری

عیناً مانند ماضی بعید منفی و سوالی می شود.

یعنی، برای سوالی کردن فعل کمکی had را به ابتدای جمله می آوریم و برای منفی کردن کلمه not را بعد از فعل کمکی had قرار می دهیم.

• مثالهایی برای سوالی کردن زمان گذشته کامل استمراری در انگلیسی

• Had I been working?

آیا من داشتم کار می کردم؟

• Had you been sleeping?
• Had she been reading?
• Had he been watching TV?
• Had it been raining?
• Had we been drinking?
• Had they been eating?

• Where had I been working?

من کجا مشغول کار بودم؟

• How long had you been sleeping?
• What had she been reading?
• How long had he been watching TV?
• How long had it been raining?
• What had we been drinking?
• Why had they been eating?

• I had not been trying (I hadn’t been..)

من امتحان نمی کردم.

• You had not been working (you hadn’t been..)

تو مشغول کار نبودی.

• She had not been crying (she hadn’t been..)
• He had not been shopping (he hadn’t been..)
• It had not been snowing (it hadn’t been..)
• We had not been reading (we hadn’t been..)
• They had not been running (they hadn’t been..)

تمرین:

جای خالی را باتوجه به کلمات درون پرانتز کامل کنید.

1) When you got sick,………………………… (you/eat) enough?

2) There was water everywhere. What ………………………… (the children/do)?

3) ………………………… (it/rain) when you left the restaurant?

4) How long ……………………. (she/live) in London when she found that job?

5) Why …………………………. (you/study) so hard?

6) Why was the house so messy? What …………………….. (she/do)?

7) How long …………………………………. (we/wait) when the bus finally arrived?

8) How long …………………………………. (he/play) football when he was injured?

9) ………………………….. (I/work) that day?

10) ……………………………… (she/see) him for long when they moved to Paris?