جملات شرطی نوع سوم در زبان انگلیسی

کاربرد جملات شرطی نوع سوم

این نوع از شرطی ها درباره ی اتفاقاتی صحبت می کنند که می توانست در گذشته رخ دهد. و الان احتمال رخ دادن آن غیر ممکن است. بیشتر برای بیان احساس تاسف بکار می رود. به این نوع جملات، جملات شرطی کامل هم می گویند.

ساختار جملات شرطی نوع سوم

ساختار این نوع شرطی ها به این شکل است:

If + فاعل had+p.p……+ , فاعل+
would/ could/ might have p.p.(شکل سوم فعل)+…..

مثال جملات شرطی نوع سوم

If you had called me last night, I would have come to see you.
If he had gone to school, he would have learned to read.
If she had read the assignment, she could have understood the lecture.
Food prices would have gone up so much, if hadn’t been a flood.
If they had asked me, I would have helped them.
We would have opened the cabinet if we had had the key.
They might have had a better relationship if they had communicated better.
If he had shown more initiative, he might have gotten the promotion.
If you had remembered the food, we could have had a picnic.
If the police hadn’t stopped us, we wouldn’t have known the headlight was out.
If we had known it was your birthday, we would have had a party for you.
If he hadn’t robbed a bank, he wouldn’t have gone to jail.
If Mike had been at the lecture, he could have taken notes.
If he had taken notes, he wouldn’t have minded sharing them.

نکته:

در این نوع شرطی می توانیم در جمله اصلی به رویدادهای حال یا آینده نیز اشاره کنیم با این تفاوت که در جمله اصلی از ساختار شکل ساده فعل +would/could/might استفاده می کنیم.

If I had been born in 1890, I surely wouldn’t be alive now.
If we hadn’t saved money last year, we couldn’t take a vacation next summer.

جملات شرطی نوع سوم: زمان حال و آینده

در این جملات از شکل گذشته فعل برای جمله شرط و
شکل ساده فعل would/ could/ might + برای جمله پایه استفاده می کنیم.

If I had time, I would always clean the kitchen before leaving for work.
If I were reach, I would give you a million dollars.
If I already spoke English perfectly, I wouldn’t need this lesson.
If we didn’t have class tomorrow, we could stay up all night tonight.
If John were not going away next year, Marry might not be so annoyed with him now.